Angeles Arjona Garrido

Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Spain Concepts, Kinds of Business and Advances in Research

The development of ethnic economies, a business formula which immigrant groups create for themselves, connects their home country and their destination, configuring a transnational economic influence (Moldenhauer, 2005; Roudometof, 2005; Vertovec, 2004; Waldinger, 2010; Wong, 2004), which consolidates migratory fields. Thus what is known as the enterprising “bourgeois” sometimes overcomes the idea of the anachronism of selfemployment (Vidich & Bensman, 1960), since for some groups, it arises as a successful economic and social formula. On the other hand, immigrants form a new urban subclass (Clark, 1998). Therefore, some researchers have suggested that by entering the labor market as self-employed, they have more economic possibilities (Light and Gold, 2000; Werbner, 1980) and break with situations generating exclusion.