Angeline Martini

Microclima e Conforto Térmico de um Fragmento de Floresta Urbana em Curitiba, PR

The aim of this research was to compare the microclimate and thermal comfort provided by an urban forest fragment with other environments in the Campus III of the Federal University of Parana - UFPR: lawn, parking lot, and pine grove. To this end, meteorological data were collected in the four seasons. The results indicated that the urban forest fragment was statistically different from the other environments, which showed higher values of air temperature (mean of 3.5 °C) and lower values of relative humidity (mean of 16%). In all seasons, the pine grove showed the same category of thermal comfort of the urban forest fragment, with predominance of the “no stress” class. The results emphasize the importance of tree cover, because both the forest fragment and the pine grove provide more thermally comfortable microclimates than the other environments: lawn and parking lot.

Microclima e Conforto Térmico de um Fragmento de Floresta Urbana em Curitiba, PR / Microclimate and Thermal Comfort of an Urban Forest Fragment in Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil

The aim of this research was to compare the microclimate and thermal comfort provided by an urban forest fragment with other environments in the Campus III of the Federal University of Parana - UFPR: lawn, parking lot, and pine grove. To this end, meteorological data were collected in the four seasons. The results indicated that the urban forest fragment was statistically different from the other environments, which showed higher values of air temperature (mean of 3.5 °C) and lower values of relative humidity (mean of 16%). In all seasons, the pine grove showed the same category of thermal comfort of the urban forest fragment, with predominance of the “no stress” class. The results emphasize the importance of tree cover, because both the forest fragment and the pine grove provide more thermally comfortable microclimates than the other environments: lawn and parking lot.

A VEGETAÇÃO NO PAISAGISMO DAS PRAÇAS DE CURITIBA - PR

To investigate the ecological functions that squares play as urban green areas, this research was designed to inventory and characterize the vegetation used in the landscaping of the squares of Curitiba-PR state. All species occurring in 32 squares in the city were identified and quantified. Results show that 141 species were found, belonging to 58 families. Of this total, 60.3% of species are of arboreal life and 56.7% are of exotic origin. The species that appear in more places is Axonopus compressus (grama-sao-carlos), present in 96.9% of cases. Between tree species, Ceiba speciosa (paineira) is the most frequent, appearing in 46.9% of the squares. Rhododendron simsii (azalea) had the highest number of individuals, with 438. It is important to consider the number of individuals, the diversity of species and their characteristics so that the ecological benefits provided by these squares can be guaranteed.

A INFLUÊNCIA DAS DIFERENTES TIPOLOGIAS DE FLORESTA URBANA NO MICROCLIMA DO ENTORNO IMEDIATO

The urban forest generates a microclimate more pleasant for the human being, in its interior as in the near external areas. Thus, the main goal of this research was to analyze the influence that the different typologies of urban forest exert in their immediate surrounding, highlighting quantitatively the differences between the internal and external microclimate to these areas. For this, areas of different types of urban forest were selected in the city of Curitiba-PR: Remaining Forest, Old Green Area, Modern Green Area, Street Trees and Isolated Tree. The influence in the immediate surrounding was analyzed with the mobile transect method, traveling 500 m away from a street adjacent to the selected area, with data collection every 50 m. The results indicate statistical differences between the internal and external microclimate to the typologies of urban forest. During the transect, the temperature was on average 2.3 ° C higher than in the interior of the urban forest typologies, the relative humidity was lower in 4.6 units and the wind velocity 0.2 m / s higher. The greatest difference in temperature and relative humidity between the internal and external environment was found in the Remaining Forest and the smallest in the Street Trees. It is concluded that the different typologies of urban forest exert a significant influence on the immediate surrounding microclimate.

O MICROCLIMA DE DIFERENTES ARRANJOS PAISAGÍSTICOS NA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE RUAS DE CURITIBA - PR

Microclimate improvement is frequently stated as one of the benefits generated by urban forestry. However, there are still few studies that quantitatively approach this issue. The goal of this study was to quantify the microclimatic difference between streets with and without trees, for each season and landscaping type. For this, three locations were chosen. Each location showed different species composing landscaping types: Tipuana tipu, Handroanthus chrysotrichus, and Lafoensia pacari with Parapiptadenia rigida . A Kestrel® mini station was placed on a street with trees and another one on a street without trees. The daily period for collecting this data was from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., with monitoring intervals of 1 minute, repeated during the four seasons of the year, beginning in the winter of 2011. The microclimatic variables analyzed were temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. The results indicated that the streets with trees always had lower temperatures and greater relative humidity values than the streets without trees. The greatest temperature difference was observed in the summer (2.5 o C) and the smallest one in the winter (1.2 o C). For relative humidity, the differences were between 6.4% (spring) and 5.6% (winter), and for wind speed the greatest difference was found in the winter (0.17m/s). Landscaping that uses Tipuana tipu on both sides of the street, planted in a way such as to make their canopies entangle and form a tunnel, is the best choice for a more pleasant microclimate in all seasons of the year.

As linhas projetuais paisagísticas e as áreas das praças de Curitiba-PR

As pracas trazem beneficios ecologicos para as cidades, tanto por suas areas compostas por vegetacao, quanto pela permeabilidade do solo, que proporciona a drenagem de aguas pluviais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi medir e caracterizar as areas impermeaveis das pracas de Curitiba-PR, e relaciona-las com as linhas projetuais paisagisticas predominantes na epoca em que as pracas foram criadas, sendo elas as linhas ecletica (1783 – 1933), moderna (1934 – 1989) e contemporânea (1990 – atual). Para isso, foram medidas a area total, permeavel e impermeavel de 32 pracas da cidade. Foram encontradas pracas com area total entre 541,00 m² e 37.113,00 m². Do total, 75% das pracas possuem area superior a 2.500m², conforme definicao estabelecida pela legislacao municipal. As pracas apresentaram area impermeavel que variaram de 0% a 99,1%, sendo que as pracas seguiram as caracteristicas tipicas das linhas projetuais paisagisticas dominantes em suas datas de criacao, com maior proporcao de impermeabilizacao do solo na epoca da linha ecletica.

THE MICROCLIMATIC EFFECT OF THE BARIGUI PARK FOREST PATCH IN CURITIBA-PR

This study aims to analyze the microclimatic influence of a forest patch existing in the Barigui Park in CuritibaPR. A meteorological data collection was conducted promptly for this purpose, with two Kestrel®’s mini-stations, model 4200. Data of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were collected simultaneously from a point inside the Araucaria Forest patch that belongs to the park and a mobile transect on a street adjacent to the green area. Meteorological data were collected every 50 m and the transect total length was 1000 m. The results showed statistically significant differences between the microclimate inside and outside the forest patch for all variables. Along the transect, the temperature was an average of 4.3° C higher than in the forest, reaching 6.1 ° C of maximum difference. The relative humidity inside the forest path remained constant and was on average 4.2% higher than in the street. Along the street, changes were observed in microclimatic data, probably due to the characteristics of the urban site. Thus, it can be concluded that the Barigui Park forest patch contributes to improving the microclimate of the city, providing significant impacts on the nearby areas.

MICROCLIMATE BENEFITS PROVIDED BY ALFREDO ANDERSEN SQUARE IN CURITIBA-PR

The aim of this study was to investigate the microclimate influence of Alfredo Andersen Square in the city of Curitiba PR. This square is a wooded area, with 24 large-sized trees. Its microclimate influence was analyzed with a promptly meteorological data collection, using two Kestrel®’s mini-stations, model 4,200.The data on temperature, humidity and wind speed, werecollected simultaneously in the center of thesquare and in a mobile transect on Augusto Stellfeld Ave. The transect had approximately 1,000 m, with the meteorological data collected every 50 m. The results showed that, on average, the temperature in the square was 1.4 oC lower than on the avenue, the wind speed was 0.29 m/s lower, and the humidity was 5% higher. Since there are urban trees along Augusto Stellfeld Ave., some data from the mobile transect were collected under those trees, which interfered on the results interpretation. Hence, the influence radius of this square on its surroundings could not be determined, being observed only for 200 m.We concluded that Alfredo Andersen Sq collaborates to improve the urban microclimate in the city of Curitiba.