Angelo Presenza

Small- and medium-scale Italian winemaking companies facing the open innovation challenge

This article examines the impact of open innovation (OI) practices on the innovation activity of low-tech small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Different external knowledge sources are considered, and the ability of SMEs to acquire and integrate external knowledge into their organizational boundaries for innovation purposes is assessed. The research draws on a sample of 191 Italian winemakers. The results show that SMEs with higher propensity to access and use external knowledge sources show a greater ability to innovate and that their absorptive capacity impacts the use of external sources. Several implications for theory and practice are drawn, underlining a number of suggestions for future research.

EL DESEMPEÑO DE UN DESTINO TURÍSTICO. ¿QUIÉN GESTIONA EL DESTINO? ¿QUIÉN REALIZA EL ROL AUDITOR?

En Espana el sector turistico ha desempenado un rol importante, desde la crisis financiera e inmobiliaria de 2008 es uno de los sectores que ha mostrado mejor comportamiento, es por ello que se ha de incidir en mejorar la competitividad turistica de las provincias espanolas y aprovechar asi la contribucion del turismo. Hemos seleccionado para este analisis las provincias del Mediterraneo por ser las que mayor cuota turistica acumulan respecto al conjunto nacional, y por sus caracteristicas comunes en el ambito turistico. La manera de analizar y posteriormente sugerir propuestas para mejorar la competitividad de los destinos turisticos del Mediterraneo, analizar a continuacion las valores de los indicadores que representan la competitividad de los destinos, para luego valorar mediante un panel de expertos la importancia de los factores en cada destino, y finalmente, sugerir actuaciones para aumentar la competitividad. ABSTRACT In Spain tourism sector has had a relevant role since financial and real state crisis in 2008, tourism is one of the few sectors that has helped to economic recovery and it is improving it performance year a year, so tourism competitiveness in the Spanish provinces must be enhanced taking advantage of the tourism good behavior. We have selected the Mediterranean area provinces because of their mayor acummulated tourism share above national, and because of their similar characteristics. The way of improving competitiveness, then to analyze the provinces which have worst performance on the indicators that form the factors, next to asses the factor importance through and expert panel, and finally to recommend actions for improving competitivenessExiste un convencimiento en la actualidad respecto a la importancia que posee la imagen como elemento de diferenciacion y como nucleo y motor del turismo. El objetivo de este trabajo reside, por consiguiente, en la identificacion de los componentes cognitivo-afectivos conformadores de la imagen percibida del turismo rural en Galicia mediante la combinacion de los ejes atributo- holistico, funcional-psicologico y comun-unico. La metodologia empleada y los resultados obtenidos reunen gran interes puesto que la combinacion de las tecnicas estructurada y no estructurada en la medicion de la imagen de destino turistico permite identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de este (Chen & Uysal, 2002), promover eficazmente el destino (Leisen, 2001) y garantizar su exito competitivo (Telisman-Kosuta, 1994). Palabras clave: Abstract There is now convinced of the importance that the image has as an element of differentiation and as the core and driving force of tourism. The aim of this paper is therefore to identify cognitive-affective components of perceived image shapers of rural tourism in Galicia by combining the axes attribute- holistic, functional-psychological and common-unique. The methodology and results meet great interest because the combination of structured and unstructured techniques in the measurement of tourist destination image identifies the strengths and weaknesses of this (Chen & Uysal 2002), effectively promote the fate (Leisen, 2001) and ensure its competitive success (Telisman-Kosuta, 1994). Key words: tourist image, cognitive and affective dimensions, formal and technical, xa0rural tourism. imagen turistica, dimensiones cognitivas y afectivas, tecnica estructurada y no estructurada, turismo rural.Numerosos estudios han demostrado que las redes sociales influyen en las intenciones de los viajeros de visitar un destino. Sin embargo, la literatura ha prestado poca atencion a la relacion entre el comportamiento de busqueda de informacion y el desarrollo de la fidelidad a los destinos. En este sentido, este estudio analiza este fenomeno, considerando como los turistas no solo comparten su tiempo entre varias fuentes de informacion, sino que estas estan tambien influyendo en el tiempo que los turistas estan compartiendo entre varios destinos, no solo repitiendo la visita a un unico destino, sino tambien haciendose mas fieles a multiples destinos al mismo tiempo (fidelidad horizontal). Sin embargo, este tema no se ha destacado adecuadamente en el contexto turistico. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es doble: 1) comprender mejor el comportamiento del turista con respecto al uso de las redes sociales, considerando las diferencias por nacionalidades, genero y edad; y 2) explorar la relacion entre el uso de las diferentes fuentes de informacion de los turistas (tradicionales y digitales) y su influencia en la posterior fidelidad (tanto a un solo destino como en la fidelidad horizontal), y considerando tanto la fidelidad conductual como la actitudinal. Estos resultados son utiles para tomar decisiones sobre estrategias de comunicacion digital y la gestion de los programas de fidelizacion por parte de los destinos turisticos. Palabras clave : Fidelidad Horizontal, Marketing Relacional, Fuentes de Informacion, Redes Sociales, Imagen ABSTRACT The visit to a tourist destination is influenced by the tourists use of social media. However, the literature has not focused its efforts on trying to understand the relationship between the use of social media and destinations loyalty. This study analyzes this phenomenon, considering how tourists not only share their time between several sources of information, but these are also influencing the time that the tourists are sharing between several destinations, not only repeating the visit to a single destination, but also becoming more loyal to multiple destinations at the same time (horizontal loyalty). However, this topic has not been adequately highlighted in the tourism context. This study tries to analyze the differences in the use of social media by nationalities, gender, age and income; and to shed light on their relationship with loyalty. These results are useful for making decisions about digital communication strategies and the management of loyalty programs by tourist destinations. Keywords : Horizontal Loyalty, Relationship Marketing, Information Sources, Social Media, ImageEn tiempos actuales, el modelo de Desarrollo local contempla un proceso de construccion social consecuente de cuestiones diversas como la priorizacion de las necesidades de los actores locales, las capacidades y recursos territoriales de la comunidad. La actividad turistica se conjuga como una actividad economica y social que dinamiza el territorio; y la planificacion estrategica como la herramienta que contribuye a la implementacion del proceso. En el caso de Argentina, se desconoce la existencia de un registro sistematizado de los planes estrategicos provinciales, como asi tambien el analisis de los mismos desde la perspectiva del “desarrollo local”. Considerando este contexto, se ha realizado un analisis de la region turistica Norte aplicando la metodologia de los interrogantes fundamentales desarrollada por la Fundacion DEMUCA-CEDET (2009). Palabras clave: Planificacion estrategica, Turismo, Desarrollo local, Desarrollo endogeno, Metodologia de los interrogantes fundamentales. ABSTRACT In modern times, the Local Development model contemplates a process consequent social construction of various issues such as prioritizing the needs of local actors, skills and territorial community resources. Tourist activity is conjugated as an economic and social activity that energizes the territory; and strategic planning as a tool that contributes to the implementation process. In the case of Argentina, the existence of a systematic record of the provincial strategic plans is unknown, as well as analyzing them from the perspective of local development. In this context, we have performed an analysis of the North Touristic region applying the methodology of the fundamental questions developed by the DEMUCA-CEDET Foundation (2009). Key Words: Strategic planning. Tourism, Local development, endogenous development, Methodology of fundamental questions.Actualmente, los destinos de sol y playa afrontan la necesidad de renovacion y, en el Partido de Necochea, Argentina, se elaboro el Plan Estrategico de Turismo Sustentable de Necochea para responder a esta necesidad. La implementacion requiere analizar y evaluar de modo pragmatico y programatico las intervenciones territoriales para alcanzar las estrategias definidas de reposicionamiento. El articulo propone identificar las unidades de gestion del espacio, los modelos de intervencion para un escenario estrategico que contribuya a la gestion sustentable y reorientacion turistica y proporcionar bases para la reestructuracion territorial como eje transversal de politica publica ambiental y turistica. Para ello, respecto de la unidades se delimita el espacio turistico en funcion de las particularidades fisico-espaciales, los recursos turisticos y oportunidades recreativas y las disfuncionalidades o problematicas detectadas. Luego, se definen los contenidos concretos de los tipos de intervencion propuestos que reorienten la renovacion. Y por ultimo, se enuncian las bases para las actuaciones de reestructuracion territorial en funcion de un escenario estrategico. La renovacion ambiental de Necochea debe basarse en estrategias conducentes a la cualificacion del espacio turistico, la diferenciacion basada en la naturaleza, la potenciacion del entorno urbano y la inclusion de lo ambiental en la gestion turistica.Este documento analiza la investigacion academica del ecoturismo en Costa Rica, considerando los aportes conceptuales, las tendencias tematicas, geograficas y metodologicas y los retos de la investigacion en esta modalidad. Metodologicamente se localizaron, en las revistas universitarias de las universidades publicas costarricenses, los articulos sobre el ecoturismo y luego se elaboro un estado del arte. Los resultados senalan que las caracteristicas del ecoturismo son muy dinamicas e implican una incorporacion de nuevos espacios geograficos y de nuevos temas como el estudio de los encadenamientos o cluster que se desarrollan a partir de la actividad de ecoturismo y la oferta educativa en ecoturismo que ofrecen las universidades publicas. Metodologicamente, la mayor parte de las investigaciones son descriptivas. Como resultado se apunta que no existe una amplia produccion intelectual tendiente a fomentar un analisis critico del estudio y practica de la actividad. El reto es formar una comunidad cientifica que dialogue sobre la produccion y difusion del conocimiento en el area del turismo en general y para el caso especifico, sobre ecoturismo. Como conclusion, se observa la necesidad de avanzar hacia estudios criticos del ecoturismo e iniciar una reflexion academica que permita la produccion de teoria y revision de conceptos. Palabras clave: ecoturismo, turismo, Costa Rica, investigacion academica, universidades estatales Abstract This document analyzes the academic research on ecotourism in Costa Rica, considering the conceptual contributions, the thematic, geographic and methodological tendencies, and the challenges of this kind of research.xa0 Articles on ecotourism were located in university journals of the Costa Rican public universities and their contents analyzed. The results point out that the characteristics of ecotourism are very dynamic and imply the incorporation of new geographic spaces and topics, such as the study of clusters developed from the activity of eco-tourism and the curricular options on ecotourism in public universities.xa0 Methodologically speaking, most of the research is descriptive.xa0 As a result, we can say that there is no comprehensive intellectual production trying to nurture the critical analysis on the study and practice of ecotourism.xa0 The challenge is to form a scientific community to discuss on the production and distribution of knowledge in the field of tourism and in the field of ecotourism in particular.xa0 As a conclusion, we point out the need to advance toward critical studies on ecotourism and start an academic reflection that allows the production of theory and the revisioning of concepts. Keywords: ecotourism, tourism, Costa Rica, academic research, public universities

The development of sustainable tourism through market-based sources of innovation in the “albergo diffuso”

The research presents the combination of insights from development practices of sustainable tourism and Open Innovation approach. The aim is to unlock new knowledge on how customer can influence the translation of sustainable innovation within small accommodation enterprises. Among these, it is relevant the role played by alberghi diffusi, defined as an authentic experience of the Italian life style, and recognized as an innovative and sustainable accommodation typology. The analysis is based on ten multiple case studies drawn from the Italian context. The paper contributes to a better understanding of innovation processes in the albergo diffuso formula and to a deeper evidence-based understanding of the role of customers in the development of services and practices focused on sustainable principles.

Sustainable Entrepreneurship Development in the Accommodation Sector: The Case of the “Albergo Diffuso” (Diffused Hotel) in Italy

This paper investigates the concept of “Albergo Diffuso” a new form of sustainable development within the tourism and lodging industry. The authors analyze its main characteristics and discuss its future development and sustainability practices. The analysis includes an assessment of the Albergo Diffuso concept with that of a standard hotel to determine if and how this emergent concept differs from the conventional accommodation by looking at its distinctive features. A data collection through structured interviews with Albergo Diffuso owners in a focus group setting was conducted. Overall, the authors identified the main characteristics of the Albergo Diffuso: it offers similar and unique amenities of a typical hotel brand, it contributes to the creation of new sustainable enterprises, and it contributes to the development of new sustainability policy for marginal regions. They also evaluated the challenges and opportunities this new entrepreneurial concept faces. Sustainable Entrepreneurship Development in the Accommodation Sector: The Case of the “Albergo Diffuso” (Diffused Hotel) in Italy

Passion before profit in hospitality ventures. Some thoughts on Lifestyle Entrepreneur and the case of “Albergo Diffusoâ€

Purpose of the paper: This study examines the link between the profile of lifestyle entrepreneurship and the emerging concept of the hotel typology of “Albergo Diffusoâ€x9d, both of which are contemporary offshoots of their major categories. Methodology : Due to the originality and novelty of the business model, first a literature review was conducted in order to achieve the realization of a clear representation of this new kind of accommodation. Then, a questionnaire divided into three sections was developed, including closed-ended and open questions, and administered to a sample of AD. Research limits : Both topics deserve merit for in-depth investigations since they are under-researched. For this point this research needs new and deeper studies focused on face-to-face interviews looking for the drivers that link the concept of “Albergo Diffusoâ€x9d to the one of “Lifestyle entrepreneurâ€x9d. Practical implications : Preliminary results of the qualitative study that used a nine-parameter measurement scale suggest that the “Albergo Diffusoâ€x9d owners’ profile mirrors the one of the typical “lifestyle entrepreneurâ€x9d. Originality of the paper: The study confirms the “Albergo Diffusoâ€x9d as a socio-culturally embedded entity in its location and that AD entrepreneurs possess a high level of personal motivation in establishing their enterprises.

The Determinants of Customer Satisfaction in Emergent Tourist Destinations: A Strategic Investigation in South Central Italy

Scholars have made valuable contributions to the body of knowledge in the field of tourism; thus tourist satisfaction continues to be a topic of great interest. This paper investigates strategically the determinants of tourist satisfaction in three emerging tourism destinations of South Central Italy. The study applies qualitative and quantitative methods and introduces an empirical model for evaluating the factors affecting expectation and satisfaction of the tourist. The results show that efficiency of pedestrian traffic, parking, cleanliness, access to heritage sites, competence of operators, and staff knowledge are major determinants of tourist’s satisfaction. The study contributes to the body of knowledge and benefits strategic marketers and managers of emerging tourism destinations.