Ani Liza Asnawi

An Improved Component Carrier Selection Algorithm for Downlink Long Term Evolution-Advanced

Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) supports much wider transmission bandwidth through Carrier Aggregation (CA). CA is a method that aggregates multiple Component Carriers (CCs) of the same or different frequency bands. Additionally, LTE-A system needs to simultaneously support a mixture of LTE-A and Long Term Evolution (LTE) users. The LTE-A users can transmit on multiple CCs whereas the LTE users are restricted to transmit on a single CC. Given that there are multiple CCs available, an efficient CC selection algorithm is necessary in order to assign a CC to each LTE user. This paper proposes a novel CC selection algorithm to efficiently utilize the available radio resources whilst balancing total load across multiple CCs. Results obtained via simulation have demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in optimizing the system capacity without compromising the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of delay-sensitive Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) application.

Investigations of Component Carrier Selection Algorithms in Long Term Evolution-Advanced

Received Jan 15, 2018 Revised Mar 14, 2018 Accepted Mar 30, 2018 Blood veins detection process can be cumbersome for nurses and medical practioners when it comes to special overweight type of patients. This simple routine procedure can lead the process into an extreme calamity for these patients. In this paper, we emphasized on a process for the detection of the vein in real time using the consecrations of Matlab to prevent or at least reduce the number of inescapable calamity for patients during the infusion of a needle by phlebotomy or doctor in everyday lives. Hemoglobin of the blood tissues engrossed the Near Infrared (NIR) illuminated light and Night vision camera is used to capture the scene and enhance the vein pattern clearly using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) method. This simple approach can successfully also lead to localizing bleeding spots, clots from stroke ... etc among other things.

Development of algorithm to characterize flavonoids classes

Flavonoids is one of the bioactive compounds that are currently used in pharmaceutical and medicinal industries due to their health benefit. The focus of current research is mainly on the extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds; non to date has explored on the identification of flavonoids classes under the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This gap presents an opportunity to develop an algorithm which can identify the distinct wavenumber range of flavone, flavanone and flavonol for their characterization in the FTIR spectrum. Development of algorithm based on PCA for the analysis and identification of flavonoids classes based on FTIR spectrum is introduced. Based on the results, five wavenumbers range has been identified as the distinct characteristics of flavonol, flavone and flavanone hence used for their identification.

SDR-Based Transceiver of Digital Communication System Using USRP and GNU Radio

Transmission over wireless channel is challenging. As such, different application required different signal processing approach of radio system. So, a highly reconfigurable radio system is on great demand as the traditional fixed and embedded radio system are not viable to cater the needs for frequently change requirements of wireless communication. A software defined radio or better known as an SDR, is a software-based radio platform that offers flexibility to deliver the highly reconfigurable system requirements. This approach allows a different type of communication system requirements such as standard, protocol, or signal processing method, to be deployed by using the same set of hardware and software such as USRP and GNU Radio respectively. For researchers, this approach has opened the door to extend their studies in simulation domain into experimental domain. However, the realization of SDR concept is inherently limited by the analog components of the hardware being used. Despite that, the implementation of SDR is still new yet progressing, thus, this paper intends to provide an insight about its viability as a high re-configurable platform for communication system. This paper presents the SDR-based transceiver of common digital modulation system by means of GNU Radio and USRP.

Automated Water Tank Filtration System Using LDR Sensor

In this paper, we present the development of an automated water tank filtration system together with the study on water turbidity using light dependent resistor (LDR) as the sensing unit. The system comprises of a microcontroller (Arduino Uno), a micropump, a sensing unit and a water filter. The main objective of this paper is to study the ability of LDR sensing unit in detecting changes in water and to define the turbidity value of the water. This paper also described how the microcontroller controls the filtration system. Experiments on water turbidity was conducted under two conditions, undisturbed flow and continuous flow, which will affect the measurements of the LDR. Results show that the LDR readings in continuous flow require more time in between reading so that the turbidity value can be consistent. Results show that the LDR sensing together with the microcontroller can create a system that is capable of measuring water turbidity not only for water tanks but also for other water resources e.g. rivers, lakes, treatment plants etc. The implementation of an automated water filtration system can potentially help consumers in monitoring their water tanks and can be included in the smart home system.

Assessment of Statistical and Empirical Conversion Methods of Integration Time for Rainfall Rate in Malaysia

This paper presents some preliminary observations of assessments regarding the precipitation intensity conversion methods from 60- to 1-min integration time. There are two conversion methods were identified and used for this findings; Rice-Holmberg and Khairolanuar et al. conversion methods. Different type of precipitation were analyzed and implemented in analytical method of Rice-Holmberg and characteristics of rainfall rate distributions were evaluated from the empirical method of Khairolanuar et al. Rainfall intensity data were acquired from Malaysia Meteorological Department (MMD). The rainfall rate data consist of twelve consecutive months from January to December 2009. The evaluations for the acquired data were carried out to produce annual rainfall rate cumulative distribution and as well as its cumulative distribution at 1-min integration time utilizing the aforementioned conversion methods. The comparisons of the performance of these two methods were also examined. Based on the evaluation, it can be observed that Rice-Holmberg and Khairolanuar et al. produced percentage errors around 19 % as compared to ITU-R P.837 at 0.01 % of time exceedance.

Comparison of Conversion Methods from 60- to 1-min Integration Time for Rainfall in Malaysia

This paper presents some preliminary assessments of the precipitation rate conversion methods from 60-min to 1-min integration time. The conversion methods used in this study are Moupfouma and Khairolanuar et al., and ITU-R P.837. Rainfall rate data of twelve-months duration from January to December 2009 were acquired from Malaysia Meteorological Department (MMD) and exploited for the evaluation. The rainfall data were collected from MMD rain gauge station located at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). The investigations comprise of producing annual rainfall rate cumulative distributions of the measured data. The equivalent 1-min annual rainfall rate cumulative distributions using conversion methods as mentioned above. Predicted values of annual 1-min cumulative distribution established by ITU-R P.837 are used as references. The equivalent 1-min equivalent cumulative distribution obtained from Moupfouma’s and Khairolanuar et al.’s methods are then compared with that of ITU-R P.837 to validate the applicability and efficiency of each method. According to the results, it can be observed that Khairolanuar et al.’s method capable of generating equivalent 1-min rainfall values with smallest percentage difference as compared to ITU-R P.837 at 0.01 % of time exceedance.

Estimations of Fade Margin for the New Malaysian MEASAT-3B Ku-Band Link

Satellite services in Malaysia open the doors to contemporary telephone and data transmission facilities whilst at the same time foster and strengthen the union between its peninsula and the Borneo continent. Satellite communications also contribute significantly to the quick growth of computer networking in Malaysia, as well as providing the new high definition (HD) direct-to-home (DTH) satellite television services. Satellite systems with operating frequencies of Ku-band and higher have been extensively used for Earth-space communications in the temperate climate countries for decades. The same cannot be said for tropical region. One of the likely limiting factors is the absence of accurate rain fade information. Satellite engineers and designers have to establish the required fade margin to overcome rain attenuation; which need to be incorporated into the system in the effort to accomplish the preferred link performance. This is also applied in the case of the recently launched the Malaysian MEASAT-3B satellite. With this in mind, a comprehensive set of previously acquired signal measurements can certainly shed lights on the propagation characteristics to be endured. In this paper, the probable fade margins are proposed. They are based on deductions and estimations of 1 year (2009) local radar-derived rainfall rate data and the latest ITU-R rain attenuation prediction model.