Anil K. Singh

REGENERATION VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND ORGANOGENESIS IN DIFFERENT Cultivars OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM SPP)

SummaryIn vitro studies related to somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis were performed in different cultivars of cotton. Gossypium hirsutum cultivars SH-131, LH-900, Hybrid H8, Khandwa-2, and Gossypium arboreum cultivars BD-1, BD-6, Sarvottam, and Jawahar Tapti were screened for their ability to regenerate in vitro. Cotyledonary leaves and hypocotyls were used as explants. Vigorous callusing was observed in G. arboreum cultivars. Globular somatic embryos were formed in BD-1, BD-6, Sarvottam, Jawahar Tapti, SH-131, and LH-900. Heart-shaped and torpedo stages were also observed. Embryos of BD-1 and BD-6 germinated and formed distincts shoot and root poles. 2-Isopentenyladenine (2iP) was effective in the induction of somatic embryos. Hybrid H8 and Khandwa-2 regenerated by directly forming shoots when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine and formed roots on hormone-free MS medium

Standardization of Leaf Sampling Technique in Bael

Abstract The chemical diagnosis of nutritional status of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa) tree by leaf analysis was done to study the effect of leaf age and leaf position on foliar nutrient composition of Bael. The results showed that leaf age has significant influence on leaf mineral content, whereas the position of leaf on shoot did not have any significant effect. Interactions between leaf age and position were found to be significant for nitrogen, boron and iron content. In general, stability in level of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents was observed in November–December (6‐ to 7‐month‐old leaves) and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) showed their stability in 2‐to 3‐month‐old leaves (July–August). The contents of boron (B), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were found stabilized in September–October (3‐ to 4‐month‐old leaves), indicating their suitability for sampling in Bael.

Bromodialone reduces cell-mediated immunity in chickens

Qualitative analysis of fibre type composition demonstrated that in both lines and at all ages Pm had a uniform fibre type composition consisting almost entirely (> 99%) of glycolytic type IIb fibres. In contrast, Bf had a more heterogeneous distribution of fibre types with a large population of oxidative type I muscle fibres. The mean MFD of Pm and Bf increased significantly with age, and were significantly larger in the broilers compared to the layer line throughout the growth period studied (P < 0.001). In the broiler line, the mean MFD of Pm was significantly greater than the mean MFD of Bf at all ages (P < 0.001) except for the 20 week age group, which just failed to achieve significance (65 mm vs 46 mm, 41%: P1⁄4 0.064). In contrast in the laying line there was no significant difference in the mean MFD of Pm compared to Bf at any age. These results demonstrate that the muscle fibre diameters in both Pm and Bf are greater in meat type birds compared to layers throughout the growth period. This is true of the entirely glycolytic breast muscle and of the more oxidative leg muscle examined. The fact that the broiler muscle fibres are already significantly larger at 4 weeks of age may reflect increased rates of hypertrophy from hatch or before. Increases in fibre diameter continued until sexual maturity in both strains of bird and at comparable proportional rates. In consequence the final size was much greater in the rapidly growing birds. It also may be proposed that the genetic selection of broilers for increased breast yield is likely to be responsible for the divergence in Pm and Bf fibre size seen only in broiler birds. The commercially desirable high degree of muscle fibre hypertrophy observed in broiler chickens may be associated with a predisposition towards spontaneous and idiopathic myopathy as proposed by Mitchell et al. (2001) in turkeys. That study reported a critical fibre diameter of 65 mm above which, increased muscle damage was found. A selective hypertrophy of glycolytic fibres, as seen in the Pm muscle of the broiler, may contribute to the health disorders seen in modern meat chickens.

Effect of GA3 and Benzyladenine (BA) on Growth and Bulb Production in Lily (Lilium longiflorum)

Lily is one of the most important bulbous flowers and commercially cultivated for cut flower production (Singh and Sisodia, 2017). A trending demand of lily (Lilium longiflorum L.) as cut flower is increasing day by day because of their showy nature of colourful spathe which has attracted medium scale cultivation. It adds instant elegance in decorations, floral arrangements, wedding bouquets and festive occasions. Being a stem rooted bulbous high value crop, it possesses a great potential for market export especially during winter. Presently, availability of quality planting materials that produces massive sized bulbs in huge number is bottleneck due to the adverse climatic condition and also affected by non-availability of micronutrients in soils of India. Growth promoting chemicals like GA3 and BA found beneficial in different flower crops (Singh, 2003 a & b, Singh, 2005, Yadav et al., 2014, Singh et al., 2017) Application of PGR is an effortless way to International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Effect of Application Schedule of Microbial and Chemical Insecticides on Insect-Pest Control and Grain Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

India is the largest producer, importer and consumer of pulses, accounting for 25% of global production from 35% area under pulses (Ahlawat et al., 2016). In India, the area under pulses are 26.28 million ha (2010-11), and the production is 19.78 million tonnes during 2013-14. The productivity of pulses in the country is 789 kg ha -1 in the year 2012–13 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 09 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Varietal Evaluation of Gladiolus for Flowering Attributes Under Indo-Gangetic Plains

Gladiolus is an important commercial flower and is very popular as cut flower both in domestic and international market (Singh and Sisodia, 2017) and it is one of the most popular bulbous flower which belongs to family Iridaceae and subfamily Ixioideae. There are about 260 species and over 30,000 varieties of gladiolus (Singh, 2014). Especially for gladiolus crop in which every year a great number of new varieties are introduced, it is difficult for the user to obtain enough information to judge the value of these varieties. In that case, varietal evaluation of new cultivars and existing cultivar is necessary to determine the value of these cultivars and to distribute this information. This will also contribute in making good varieties better known, while on the other hand varieties with little prospect are sooner identified which makes it possible to stop unnecessarily loss of capital by investing in these varieties. Flowering characters of spike International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 07 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

On farm abiotic stress management in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and its impact on yield, economics and soil properties

The major abiotic stress limiting productivity of pigeon pea includes undulated topography, waterlogging, drought, frost, poor soil fertility. Management techniques of abiotic stresses significantly increased yield, net profit and B:C ratio as compared to farmers practice (FP). Adoption of abiotic stresses resulted in an increase of grain yield by 7.2 to 38.5% over FP. Major technological impact on grain yield compared to FP was in order: broad bed furrow (BBF) sowing method (38.5%) > nutrient management (21.0%) > seed treatment (14.9%) > short duration cultivar (7.3%) > precision land shaping (PLS) method (7.2%). Maximum additional cost on nutrient management was 2,360 ha-1 and it was minimum on seed treatment (265 ha-1), whereas saving due to BBF was .1,554 ha-1 and maximum additional net returns were obtained with BBF (30,551 ha-1) and minimum with PLS (4,804 ha-1) compared to FP. Maximum additional energy used was on nutrient management and minimum on seed treatment, whereas energy saved under BBF compared to FP. Higher additional net energy gain was with BBF followed by nutrient management, seed treatment, PLS and short duration cultivar over FP. PLS, BBF, seed treatment and nutrient management significantly increased infiltration rate and available N, P, K, S and Zn but decreased bulk density. Management of abiotic stresses by proper technologies increased pigeon pea production three times compared to average productivity of the country, resulted in increased economic benefits, energy productivity and improved soil physicochemical properties.

Performance of Indian and exotic varieties of gladiolus under Eastern U.P. conditions

An experiment was conducted to study the performance of Indian and exotic varieties of gladiolus in Eastern U.P. conditions. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Corms of healthy and disease-free varieties of Indian and exotic origin were planted during month of November, 2014. Among varieties, Purple Flora was observed for early spike emergence, days to colour showing and opening of first, third and fifth florets. However, maximum spike length was recorded with variety Anjali. Variety Red Beauty resulted into maximum rachis length whereas, minimum was observed in White Prosperity. Maximum number of florets/spike was recorded with variety American Beauty. Variety Pusa Kiran recorded earliest opening of first and fifth florets.

Effect of Picking Stages on Fruit and Seed Development in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Cultivars Kashi Pragati and Kashi Kranti

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of picking on fruit and seed development in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) cv. Kashi Pragati and Kashi Kranti. Data on fruit and seed characters were recorded from 4 to 40 days after flowering (DAF) at an interval of 2 days. Quick fruit development occurs between 4 to 8 DAF and fruits picked at this stage were of optimum fresh weight, length, diameter and free from thick pericarp thus making it consumable. Fresh weight of filled seeds was found to be maximum at 18 days after flowering in Kashi Pragati (7.61 g) whereas it was 22 days after flowering in Kashi Kranti (6.90 g), while dry weight of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight were maximum at 24 days after flowering. The physiological maturity of seeds was attained after 26 days after flowering when the germination percentage in both the cultivars was above 75%. However, to obtain optimum seed yield with optimum germination percentage and vigour, the fruits should be picked on at 38 days after flowering stage.

Effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on growth, flowering and post-harvest life in lilium cv. Navona

A research was conducted India to evaluate the necessity of micronutrients such as zinc and iron on growth, flowering and postharvest attributes in Asiatic lilium cv. Navona. The experiment comprised nine treatments, viz., ZnSO4 0.2%, ZnSO4 0.4%, FeSO4 0.2%, FeSO4 0.4%, ZnSO4 0.2% + FeSO4 0.2%, ZnSO4 0.2% + FeSO4 0.4%, ZnSO4 0.4% + FeSO4 0.2%, ZnSO4 0.4% + FeSO4 0.4% and control (distilled water) in a randomized block design with three replications. Significant effect was observed with the application of ZnSO4 0.4% + FeSO4 0.4%, which increased No. of leaves/plant, stem diameter, plant height, fresh and dry weight of leaves/plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content, No. of flower buds/plant, flower stalk length, pedicel length, diameter of 1st flower, longevity of 1st, 2nd and 3rd flower, No. of buds opened, No. of buds opened at a time in vase, stem weight on 1st, 3rd and 5th day, and weight of stem after withering. Early flower colour show and days to opening of 1st bud were exhibited with ZnSO4 0.2% + FeSO4 0.4%, which was statistically at par with ZnSO4 0.2% + FeSO4 0.4% treatment. In general both individual and combined doses of zinc sulphate and iron sulphate gave significant results over control.