Aniolas Sruoga

Assessment of microbial diversity in the river trout Salmo trutta fario L. intestinal tract identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis

The microbial diversity of the intestinal tract content of the river trout from two Lithuanian rivers has been investigated by molecular methods: polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes. Predominant bacterial populations detected in the river trout intestinal tract from the Skorblus River were Rahnella (21%), from the Žeimena River, Aeromonas (41.7%) and Plesiomonas (22.9%). Buttiauxella agrestis, Budvicia aquatica, Erwinia persicinus, Yersinia mollaretii, Y. kristensenii, Y. rohdei, Moellerella wisconsensis, Obesumbacterium proteus, Pantoea cedenensis, Rahnella aquatillis, and Rahnella sp. from the Enterobacteriaceae family have been detected in the intestinal tract of freshwater salmonid fish for the first time.

Phylogenetic analysis of intestinal bacteria of freshwater salmon Salmo salar and sea trout Salmo trutta trutta and diet

The microbial diversity of culturable intestinal microflora of wild freshwater salmonid fishes salmon Salmo salar and sea trout Salmo trutta trutta juveniles (0+ years old) from the same environmental conditions were investigated by means of molecular identification techniques and analysis of diet. Significant differences in the intestinal microbial diversity were observed in different fish species. The predominant group in the intestinal tract of the salmon comprised representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family (23%), Plesiomonas (19.2%) and Carnobacterium (15.3%). Predominant microbiota in sea trout intestinal tract were Enterobacteriaceae (52%), Aeromonas (22%) and Pseudomonas (14%). The results show that Enterobacteriaceae were predominant in the intestinal tract of the salmon and the sea trout juveniles raised on diets of different compositions. However, molecular identification of the intestinal microbiota at the species or genus level revealed differences in these fish species. Bacteria in the hindgut of salmon included Pragia and Serratia. However, bacteria in the gut contents of sea trout from the Enterobacteriaceae family were Buttiauxella, Enterobacter, Moellerella, Pantoea, Rahnella and Tiedjeia arctica. A novel phylotype of T. arctica is harbored in the intestinal tract of wild salmon, and may correspond to a previously undescribed species.

INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF SARCOCYSTIS SPP. FROM GREYLAG (ANSER ANSER) AND WHITE-FRONTED (ANSER ALBIFRONS) GEESE TO OTHER CYST FORMING COCCIDIA USING 18S AND 28S rRNA GENE SEQUENCES

Based on cyst morphology, Sarcocystis cysts type I were found in one White-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) and cysts type III in one Greylag goose (Anser anser) and two White-fronted geese. Sarcocysts isolated from infected birds as intermediate host have not been previously described and are unnamed. Type III sarcocysts detected in White-fronted and Greylag geese may illustrate the case of polyhostal nature of sarcocysts when same-species parasites infest intermediate hosts of different species. The obtained partial sequences of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA showed the highest homology for the genera Sarcocystis and Frenkelia. In the tree of phylogenetic relationships, the species involved in this study were grouped with Frenkelia microti, Frenkelia glareoli, Sarcocystis muris and Sarcocystis neurona. Analysis of the partial sequences of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA revealed the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of the investigated Sarcocystis spp.

INVESTIGATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN THE EUROPEAN EEL (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA (L.)) IN LITHUANIA USING MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS

To find out if native and introduced European eel (Anguilla anguilla) populations differ from one another genetically, we used five microsatellite markers and compared naturally recruited and introduced European eel populations at four different locations. Samples of naturally recruited eels were taken from the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon, while introduced eels were sampled from Lakes Dringis and Siesartis. Results of the study do not support the hypothesis on panmixia in the European eel, since low but significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.0238, p = 0.0148) was found to exist among introduced eel groups. Significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.0228, p = 0.0281) among the Baltic Sea, the Curonian Lagoon, Lake Dringis and Lake Siesartis populations was ascertained too.

Long-Term Genetic Investigations – Background for Research on Wildfowl Populations in the Changing Environmental Conditions

Since the year 1980 genetic investigations of wildfowl have been performed in various breeding sites in the Northern Palearctic. The research was done on ca 800 individuals of 20 wildfowl species. To evaluate genetic diversity we used the following genetic markers: blood serum lipoprotein and common protein antigen systems, polymorphous common protein and isoenzyme systems, DNA random and microsatellite markers. It was found that the same species migrating from different wintering sites differed considerably not only by frequency of alleles of isoenzymes and common proteins, but also by frequency of random DNA fragments. We determined genetic diversity of seaducks wintering in the Baltic Sea, and the scope of inter-specific similarity and genetic distances between these species. Significant genetic differences were also identified among migratory and sedentary populations of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in different sites of the eastern Baltic region. Genetic studies form the background for long-term ecol...

The Development of Molecular-Genetic Euro-Asian Heterozygosity Genome in Microevolution of Sus Scrofa Scrofa as a Start Success of the Formation of Domestic Breeds

Data on the formation of the genome and microevolution of wild and domestic Sus scrofa scrofa forms based on the analysis of antigenic systems of the diallelic erythrocytes G, F and D were obtained during the hybridisation of breeds of different origin in several generations with forms of wild ancestors possessing European and Asian genotypes. Results were supplemented with the data of comparative analysis obtained during the studies of tens of breeds and local populations. Data of the analysis of populations correlate with experimental prolificacy, pre- and postnatal viability of the offspring obtained during hybridisation between homo- and heterozygous European-Asian genotypes. Analysis of diallelic genetic systems shows reliable increase in the frequency of these alleles in the course of microevolution. This increase provides some selective advantage. It is determined by allele Gb and heterozygous genotype Ga/b. Increase of heterozygotic genotypes of G genetic system in populations of different level o...

Enzyme Polymorphism in Two Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Lines with Different Concentrations of Plasma Lactate

Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) lines selected for different physiological traits such as metabolic rate are expected to be more suitable for experiments than random populations. The general level of lactate in a randomly bred Japanese Quail population varies within the limits 3.6 mM•L-1. Breeding experiments were performed in order to reduce the variation of plasma lactate. The two quail lines, exhibiting low (L line with 5.281–5.840 mM•L-1) and high (H line with 3.157–4.529 mM•L-1) plasma lactate concentration were divergently selected. During the selection process, genetic variation in loci for liver and heart tissue malate dehydrogenase (Mdh), malic enzyme (Me), esterase (Es) as well as for plasma glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-Pdh) and common serum proteins was investigated in individual animals. A phenotypic difference in the spectrum of MDH isozymes was detected between the two quail lines L and H. Our data suggest that the genetic constitution of quail lines and the control pop...