Anisur Rahman Khan

A Critical Insight into Policy Implementation and Implementation Performance

Policy implementation involves translating the goals and objectives of policy into action. Although seen as an integral part of the policy cycle, substantial research has not yet been carried out in this area. This paper examines the state and status of policy implementation as a discipline and the factors associated with implementation performance, based on a review of the literature and analysis by researchers. The assessment in this study confirms the dearth of theoretical development of this subject as a major concern for this discipline and a barrier for perfect execution. It was also found that multiple factors are linked to poor policy performance, such as a lack of coordination, funding, commitment, capabilities among implementers and top-down support. Finally, by critically looking into loopholes associated with performance in policy implementation, five theoretical models were developed for improving performance. These respectively had a rational, organisational, political, bureaucratic and management basis. It is expected that the application of these standards would help to overcome issues, leading to successful policy performance.

National Identity Card: Opportunities and Threats

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on October 25, 2018. If you have any further question, please contact us at: jar@scholink.org

Public and Private Organizations: How Different or Similar are They

In spite of a growing body of research attempting to draw distinctions between public and private organizations over the years, it remains a disputable issue yet to be settled by organizational theorists and scholars alike. No conclusive understanding regarding the similarities and differences has been availed, and the scholarly discussions between these two types of organizations predominantly ended up finding out differences rather than similarities. Given the background, this paper attempts to ascertain the similarities and differences between public and private organizations based on the application and relevance of some important organizational concepts drawing on literature review as well as researchers’ application of reflexivity in investigating the issues. The concepts that have been used and analyzed include goals, goods and services, resource ownership, structure, culture, leadership and managership, decision making. This analysis indicates that despite manifestation of diverse variations between public and private organizations, in some cases/aspects they do share common attributes. For example, it is assumed that bureaucracy is the most dominant feature in public organizations, but such model is also being followed by many big private organizations. On the other hand, private managerial practices and structural components are also being adopted by public organizations. Further empirical research or case study could be conducted/developed using the concepts used in this analysis concerning the similarities and differences between these two types of organizations in order to grapple a concrete understanding about organization as a whole. At the same time, it is also suggested to minimize the gaps between public and private organizations by sharing the best practices of each other for greater developmental requirements.

Women's coping strategies and help-seeking practices: Some observations on domestic violence in rural Bangladesh

This article examines the coping strategies and help-seeking practices of women victims of domestic violence perpetrated by their husbands in rural Bangladesh. By drawing on 39 semi-structured in-depth interviews, conducted in eight rural settings in Netrokona and Mymensingh districts, it was found that the abused women tried to cope with domestic violence in many ways. Making their marriages work at any cost was their prime motivation in coping with violence. Moreover, they tolerated domestic violence because they were concerned about their own future and that of their children. At times, some women spoke back to their husbands. In extreme cases, some left the abusive relationships. With regard to help-seeking, they largely sought assistance from informal networks, such as parents, relatives, neighbors, community leaders and community-based NGOs and only a few sought formal support from legal and institutional agencies. It was noted that the dynamics of both the coping strategies and help-seeking practices were very complex. Womens vulnerabilities were well-exposed in both cases. Neither informal nor formal support could ensure sufficient protection for women. Sometimes, seeking help aggravated womens condition in many ways. It is, therefore, suggested that the existing drawbacks in both informal and formal support mechanisms must be eliminated in order to render appropriate services to the victims.