Anita K. Bakrania
Nirma University of Science and Technology
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Featured researches published by Anita K. Bakrania.
Pharmacological Research | 2016
Anita K. Bakrania; Bhavesh C. Variya; Snehal S. Patel
Triple negative breast cancer is defined as one of the utmost prevailing breast cancers worldwide, possessing an inadequate prognosis and treatment option limited to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, creating a challenge for researchers as far as developing a specific targeted therapy is concerned. The past research era has shown several promising outcomes for TNBC such as nano-formulations of the chemotherapeutic agents already used for the management of the malignant tumor. Taking a glance at paclitaxel nano formulations, it has been proven beneficial in several researches in the past decade; nevertheless its solubility is often a challenge to scientists in achieving success. We have henceforth discussed the basic heterogeneity of triple negative breast cancer along with the current management options as well as a brief outlook on pros and cons of paclitaxel, known as the most widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of the disease. We further analyzed the need of nanotechnology pertaining to the problems encountered with the current paclitaxel formulations available discussing the strategic progress in various nano-formulations till date taking into account the basic research strategies required in terms of solubility, permeability, physicochemical properties, active and passive targeting. A thorough review in recent advances in active targeting for TNBC was carried out whereby the various ligands which are at present finding its way into TNBC research such as hyaluronic acid, folic acid, transferrin, etc. were discussed. These ligands have specific receptor affinity to TNBC tumor cells hence can be beneficial for novel drug targeting approaches. Conversely, there are currently several novel strategies in the research pipeline whose targeting ligands have not yet been studied. Therefore, we reviewed upon the numerous novel receptor targets along with the respective nano-formulation aspects which have not yet been fully researched upon and could be exemplified as outstanding target strategies for TNBC which is currently an urgent requirement.
Pharmacological Research | 2016
Bhavesh C. Variya; Anita K. Bakrania; Snehal S. Patel
Medicinal plants, having great elementary and therapeutic importance, are the gift to mankind to acquire healthy lifestyle. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. or Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (Euphorbeaceae), commonly known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, has superior value in entirely indigenous traditional system of medicine, including folklore Ayurveda, for medicinal and nutritional purposes to build up lost vitality and vigor. In this article, numerous phytochemicals isolated from E. officinalis and its ethnomedical and pharmacological potentials with molecular mechanisms are briefly deliberated and recapitulated. The information documented in the present review was collected from more than 270 articles, published or accepted in the last five to six decades, and more than 20 e-books using various online database. Additional information was obtained from various botanical books and dissertations. The extracts from various parts of E. officinalis, especially fruit, contain numerous phytoconstituents viz. higher amount of polyphenols like gallic acid, ellagic acid, different tannins, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, fixed oils, and flavonoids like rutin and quercetin. The extract or plant is identified to be efficacious against diversified ailments like inflammation, cancer, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, hypertension together with lifestyle diseases, parasitic and other infectious disorders. These actions are attributed to either regulation of various molecular pathway involved in several pathophysiologies or antioxidant property which prevents the damage of cellular compartments from oxidative stress. However, serious efforts are required in systemic research to identify, isolate and evaluate the chemical constituents for nutritional and therapeutic potentials.
Experimental Eye Research | 2015
Anita K. Bakrania; Snehal S. Patel
Aim of present investigation was to study the effect of catechin and the combination of catechin and cetirizine in ovalbumin induced animal model of allergic conjunctivitis. Guinea pigs were divided into 5 groups: normal control, disease control, disease treated with catechin 100 mg/kg, disease treated with cetirizine 10 mg/kg, disease treated with combination of catechin and cetirizine, 50 mg/kg & 5 mg/kg respectively. Sensitization was carried out by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin for the period of 14 day. Simultaneously, catechin was administered orally for 14 days while, cetirizine was administered at the day of experiment. Determination of clinical scoring, mast cell and blood histamine content, histidine decarboxylase activity from stomach was carried out. Vascular permeability was measured by dye leakage after secondary challenge of allergen and conjunctival tissues were subjected for histopathological examinations. Treatment with catechin, cetirizine and combination showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in clinical scoring and vascular permeability. While, catechin 100 mg/kg and catechin 50 mg/kg showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in histamine content in mast and blood. The treatment also showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the histidine decarboxylase enzyme activity. However, cetirizine group did not show any difference in enzyme activity as well as histamine content. Histopathological examination also showed improvement in ulceration and decrease in edema and inflammation in all treatment groups. From the present study, we can conclude that catechin exhibits potent anti-allergic activity by histidine decarboxylase enzyme inhibition and combination shown significant anti-allergic activity at reduced dose by both enzyme inhibition as well as inhibition of histamine receptors.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics | 2018
Anita K. Bakrania; Bhavesh C. Variya; Lalaji V. Rathod; Snehal S. Patel
Graphical abstract Figure. No Caption available. Abstract Triple negative breast cancer revolution has identified a plethora of therapeutic targets making it apparent that a single target for its treatment could be rare hence creating an urge to develop robust technologies for combination drug therapy. Paclitaxel, hailed as the most significant advancement in chemotherapy faces several underpinnings due to its low solubility and permeability. Advancing research has demonstrated the role of interferons in cancer. DEAE‐Dextran, an emerging molecule with evidence of interferon induction was utilized in the present study to develop a nanoformulation in conjugation with paclitaxel to target multiple therapeutic pathways, with diminution of paclitaxel adverse effects and develop a specific targeted nano system. Evidently, it was demonstrated that DEAE‐Dextran coated nanoformulation portrays significant synergistic cytotoxicity in the various cell lines. Moreover, overcoming the activation of ROS by paclitaxel, the combination drug therapy more effectively inhibited ROS through &bgr;‐interferon induction. The nanoformulation was further conjugated to FITC for internalization studies which subsequently indicated maximum cellular uptake at 60 min post treatment demonstrated by green fluorescence from FITC lighting up the nuclear membrane. Precisely, the mechanistic approach of nuclear‐targeted nanoformulation was evaluated by in vivo xenograft studies which showed a synergistic release of &bgr;‐interferon at the target organ. Moreover, the combination nanoformulation inculcated multiple mechanistic approaches through VEGF and NOTCH1 inhibition along with dual &bgr; and &ggr;‐interferon overexpression. Overall, the combination therapy may be a promising multifunctional nanomaterial for intranuclear drug delivery in TNBC.
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology | 2017
Anita K. Bakrania; Bhavesh C. Variya; Prem Madan; Snehal S. Patel
ABSTRACT Cancer has emerged as a global threat with challenges for safe chemotherapeutics. Most of the currently available anti‐cancer drugs exhibit significant toxicity. Amongst novel agents, interferons have exhibited anti‐proliferative and cytoprotective roles. However, due to stability drawbacks of interferons, we have identified an interferon inducer DEAE‐Dextran, which resolves the stability issues. Based on the previous history of toxicity pertaining to the current chemotherapeutic agents, it is equally essential to determine the safety of DEAE‐Dextran. In the present study, repeated dose 28 day oral toxicity of DEAE‐Dextran has been evaluated in accordance to OECD‐407. We found absence of any CNS behavioral changes related to self‐mutilation, walking backwards, aggressiveness on handling or tonic‐clonic seizures during the 28 day study. Neither the motor activity nor grip strength was altered during the treatment duration with DEAE‐Dextran implying absence of any effect on the skeletal muscles. Interestingly, we also found that treatment with DEAE‐Dextran did not present any significant cardiac, hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, lymphatic or reproductive system toxicity or alteration in the bodys normal physiology based upon the various organ function tests. Henceforth, it may be concluded that DEAE‐Dextran is a safe anti‐cancer agent devoid of any sub‐acute toxicity. HIGHLIGHTSBreast cancer treatment faces challenges of safe chemotherapeutic agents since they exhibit toxicity.Interferon inducers could manifest safe drugs since they enhance the natural defense mechanism of the body.DEAE‐Dextran investigated as an anti‐cancer agent, it is adequately important to determine its toxicity profile.Toxicity profile of DEAE‐Dextran indicates no alteration in body system functions declaring it safe for administration.
Pharmacological Reports | 2018
Anita K. Bakrania; Bhavesh C. Variya; Snehal S. Patel
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, the physiological process involving growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, is essential for organ growth and repair. However, the imbalance in angiogenesis contributes to copious pathologies including cancer. Preceding the development of anti-angiogenic or proangiogenic agents, its evaluation is equally imperative; hence, precise and adequate models required. Valid mammalian models are expensive, time-consuming and not easy to set up, instigating legal and ethical aspects making it necessary to establish models with satisfactory activity and limited drawbacks. METHODS We investigated the activity of DEAE-Dextran on diversified models viz. in vitro cell migration assay, ex vivo aortic ring assay, in vitro chick yolk sac membrane assay and in vivo matrigel plug xenograft model corroborating its anti-angiogenic potential and establishing the best means of evaluation. RESULTS Assorted models were reproducible and correlative to one another. DEAE-Dextran exhibited excellent anti-angiogenic effect in cell migration assay over a duration of 24h compared to the vehicle control fibroblast cell line and aortic ring possessed an alleviated rate of sprouting when treated with DEAE-Dextran with contrast to vehicle control aorta. Similarly, decreased vascular density was observed in DEAE-Dextran treated chick embryos implicating potency of the β-interferon inducer. Augmenting to these results, the matrigel plugs also mitigated vascular net as well as reduced levels of angiogenic marker CD31. CONCLUSION Substantially, DEAE-Dextran leads to anti-tumor activity through anti-angiogenic action and a combination of in vitro and in vivo model is vital for the judgement of anti-angiogenic potential since an in vitro model exempts mammalian-culture considerations.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy | 2018
Bhavesh C. Variya; Anita K. Bakrania; Yuanli Chen; Jihong Han; Snehal S. Patel
Since ancient time, Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) is being used for the management of various ailments. Phytochemical analysis proves that fruit juice of E. officinalis contains high amount gallic acid, which could be responsible for medicinal potentials. Hence in this study, gallic acid and fruit juice of E. officinalis were evaluated for anti-hyperlipidemic potential in various experimental animal models. Experimentally, hyperlipidemia was induced through administration of poloxamer-407, tyloxapol and high-fat-diet supplement in rats. Treatment with gallic acid as well as fruit juice of E. officinalis decreased plasma cholesterol and reduced oil infiltration in liver and aorta. Mechanistically, E. officinalis increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α (PPARα) expression and increased activity of lipid oxidation through carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) along with decreased activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes i.e. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME). Additionally, E. officinalis increased cholesterol uptake through increased LDL-receptor expressions on hepatocytes and decreased LDL-receptor degradation due to decreased proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expression. Simultaneously, E. officinalis showed ability to restore glucose homeostasis through increased Glut4 and PPARγ protein expression in adipose tissue. These findings exposed central role of gallic acid in E. officinalis arbitrated anti-hyperlipidemic action through upregulation of PPARs, Glut4 and lipogenic enzymes, and decreased expression of PCSK9 and lipogenic enzymes. Findings from this experiment demonstrated that E. officinalis is a potential therapy for management of hyperlipidemia and gallic acid could be a potential lead candidate.
Frontiers in Pharmacology | 2017
Anita K. Bakrania; Bhavesh C. Variya; Snehal S. Patel
As a novel target for breast cancer, interferon inducers have found its role as anti-angiogenic agents with diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE-Dextran) being a molecule used for centuries as a transfection agent. Our results herein offer an explanation for the emergence of DEAE-Dextran as an anti-tumor agent for TNBC with in-depth mechanistic approach as an anti-angiogenic molecule. DEAE-Dextran has found to possess cytotoxic activity demonstrated during the various in vitro cytotoxicity assays; moreover, as an anti-oxidant, DEAE-Dextran has shown to possess excellent reactive oxygen species scavenging activity. The interferon inducing capacity of DEAE-Dextran was determined qualitatively as well as quantitatively specifically demonstrating overexpression of β-interferon. As a measure of anti-proliferative activity, DEAE-Dextran exhibited reduced ki67, p53, and PCNA levels. Also, overexpression of CK5/6 and p63 in DEAE-Dextran treated animals indicated improvement in breast cell morphology along with an improvement in cell–cell adhesion by virtue of upregulation of β-catenin and E-cadherin. Anti-angiogenic property of DEAE-Dextran was concluded by the downregulation of CD31, VEGF, and NOTCH1 both in vivo and in vitro. Further, apoptosis due to DEAE-Dextran, initially determined by downregulation of Bcl2, was confirmed with flow cytometry. Overall, results are defensive of DEAE-Dextran as an emerging anti-tumor agent with mechanisms pertaining to β-interferon induction with probable VEGF and NOTCH1 inhibition as well as apoptosis which still needs to be studied in further depth.
IJEB Vol.55(10) [October 2017] | 2017
Anita K. Bakrania; Surender Nakka; Bhavesh C. Variya; Prabodh V. Shah; Snehal S. Patel
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews | 2017
Anita K. Bakrania; Bhavesh C. Variya; Snehal S. Patel