Anjuman Gul

Advanced glycation end products in senile diabetic and nondiabetic patients with cataract

BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGE) have been reported to contribute to aging and cataract formation in the lens. In the present study, AGE immunoreactivity in human serum samples of normal senile subjects (n=31), senile diabetic patients without cataract (n=33), senile diabetic patients with cataract (n=30), senile nondiabetic with cataract (n=30), and normal young subjects (n=31) was investigated. METHODS A noncompetitive ELISA with polyclonal anti-AGE antibody was performed. The patients were selected on clinical grounds from Eye Ward, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. RESULTS Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum fructosamine were estimated. Fasting blood glucose, HbA(1C), and serum fructosamine levels were significantly (P<.001) increased in senile diabetic patients with and without cataract as compared to nondiabetic senile patients with cataract and senile control subjects. However, the serum AGEs were found to be significantly (P<.001) increased in senile diabetic patients with cataract and senile nondiabetic patients with cataract followed by the diabetic patients without cataract as compared to senile control and young control subjects. In contrast to all four senile groups, the serum AGEs were significantly (P<.001) lower in young control subjects. CONCLUSIONS The AGE distribution in the senile groups corroborates the hypothesis that the advanced glycation process might have a role in cataract formation, which in diabetic patients occurs vigorously as compared with nondiabetic cataract patients.

Could Oxidative Stress Associate with Age Products in Cataractogenesis

Background: Oxidative stress has been reported to contribute to aging and cataract formation in the lens. The aim was to determine the association of oxidative stress with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in elderly diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract. Methods: In the present study, malondialdehyde, vitamin E, serum AGEs, and glycemic control were investigated. The study included 156 subjects. Out of them, 30 were normal elderly subjects, 31 were elderly diabetic patients without cataract, 33 were elderly diabetic patients with cataract, 32 were elderly non-diabetic with cataract, and 30 were normal young subjects. The patients were selected on clinical grounds from Eye Ward, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Positive significant correlation was observed between s-AGEs and malondialdehyde in elderly diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract. Negative significant correlation was observed between s-AGEs and vitamin E in elderly diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract. However, the malondialdehyde and serum AGEs were found to be significantly increased (p < 0.001) in elderly diabetic and non-diabetic patients with and without cataract compared with elderly control subjects. In contrast to all four senile groups, the serum AGEs was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in young control subjects. Serum vitamin E was found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in elderly diabetic patients with and without cataract compared with elderly control subjects. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and serum fructosamine levels were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in elderly diabetic patients with and without cataract compared with non-diabetic elderly patients with cataract and elderly control subjects. Conclusions: This study revealed that increased AGEs were associated with oxidative stress in the elderly groups. AGE, as a result of oxidative stress, might have a role in cataract formation, which, in diabetic patients, occurs vigorously as compared with non-diabetic cataract patients.

Role of fructose concentration on cataractogenesis in senile diabetic and non-diabetic patients

BackgroundFructose intake has increased steadily during the past 2 decades. Fructose, like other reducing sugar, can react with proteins, which may account for aging and cataract formation. Fructose participates in glycation (fructation) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) formation some ten times faster than glucose. This study aims to determine the fructose concentration and correlate with antioxidant status in senile diabetic and non-diabetic cataract patients.MethodsThe study included 124 subjects. Of them, 31 were normal senile subjects, 33 were senile diabetic patients without cataract, 30 were senile diabetic patients with cataract, and 30 were senile non-diabetic patients with cataract. The patients were selected on clinical grounds from Eye Ward, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.ResultsSerum fructose was significantly increased (P < 0.001) in senile diabetic patients with and without cataract and senile non-diabetic patients with cataract as compared with senile control subjects. Negative significant correlation was observed between serum fructose and serum total antioxidant status in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract. Positive significant correlation was observed between serum fructose and s-AGEs in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract. Serum total antioxidant status was found to be significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in senile diabetic patients with and without cataract and senile non-diabetic patients with cataract as compared with senile control subjects. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and serum fructosamine were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in senile diabetic patients with or without cataract as compared with senile non-diabetic patients with cataract and senile control subjects.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the increased fructose concentration which induces oxidative stress in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract may be a predictor for cataractogenesis.

Advanced glycation end-products in senile diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been reported to contribute to aging and cardiovascular complications. In the present study, the immunoreactivity of AGEs in human serum samples of healthy older subjects (n = 31), senile diabetic patients without cardiovascular complications (n = 33), senile diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications (n = 32), senile non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications (n = 30) ,and healthy young subjects (n = 31) were investigated. The patients were selected on clinical grounds from the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi and the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and serum fructosamine levels were significantly (P < 0.001) increased in senile diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular complications as compared to non-diabetic senile patients with cardiovascular complications and healthy older subjects. Additionally, serum AGEs were found to be significantly (P < 0.001) increased in senile diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications and senile non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications, followed by diabetic patients without cardiovascular complications as compared to healthy older subjects and young control subjects. However, no significant difference was found in the senile diabetic patients without cardiovascular complications and senile non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications. In contrast to all four senile groups, serum AGEs were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in young control subjects. The AGEs distribution in the senile groups corroborates the hypothesis that the advanced glycation process might play a role in the development of cardiovascular complications, which are more severe in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications.

Relationship of cytokines and AGE products in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract

OBJECTIVES Cytokines are important mediators of inflammatory and immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in cytokines concentration (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and serum advanced glycation end products (sAGEs) in senile diabetics with or without cataract and non-diabetic patients with cataract. METHODOLOGY The study included 124 subjects (sixty or over sixty years age), distributed as four groups thirty senile diabetic patients with cataract (Group I) (16 female and 14 male), thirty senile non-diabetic patients with cataract (Group II) (15 female and 15 male), thirty three senile diabetic patients without any complication (Group III) (16 female and 17 male), thirty one apparently normal healthy individuals (Group IV) (16 female and 15 male), age, sex and weight matched with senile control subjects were investigated. Patients were selected on clinical grounds from Eye Ward Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. RESULTS Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in Group I and III as compared to Group II and IV. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum fructosamine, malondialdehyde (MDA), sAGEs, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in Group I as compared to Group II and the levels were almost same in Group II and IV. There was a significant decrease in serum vitamin E and total antioxidant status (p< 0.001) in Group I and Group III as compared to Group II and Group IV. CONCLUSION The results of the present study thus demonstrated that levels increased in both condition but are more severe in diabetic patients with cataract that may be a predictor for cataractogenesis and the levels were almost same in Group II and IV.