Ankita Tandon

Oral Rhabdomyosarcoma: a review

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm comprised of cells derived from the primitive mesen¬chyme. About 35% of RMS arises in the head and neck, are are classified as parameningeal and non-parameningeal forms. These are the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the children, adolescents and young adults. Their etiopathogenesis and its molecular relevance have been emphasized. The first line of treatment is radical excision and this is usually supplemented by radiotherapy. It is believed that adjunct combination chemotherapy may greatly improve the prognosis. Inadequately treated tumours grow in an infiltrative manner and recur in a high percentage of cases. Bone does not constitute an effective barrier to the growth of the tumour and bone invasion is a frequent finding in head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas. Key words:Rhabdomyosarcomas, botryoid, spindle, alveolar, sarcomas, undifferentiated.

Image manipulation: Fraudulence in digital dental records: Study and review.

Introduction: In present-day times, freely available software allows dentists to tweak their digital records as never before. But, there is a fine line between acceptable enhancements and scientific delinquency. Aims and Objective: To manipulate digital images (used in forensic dentistry) of casts, lip prints, and bite marks in order to highlight tampering techniques and methods of detecting and preventing manipulation of digital images. Materials and Methods: Digital image records of forensic data (casts, lip prints, and bite marks photographed using Samsung Techwin L77 digital camera) were manipulated using freely available software. Results: Fake digital images can be created either by merging two or more digital images, or by altering an existing image. Discussion and Conclusion: Retouched digital images can be used for fraudulent purposes in forensic investigations. However, tools are available to detect such digital frauds, which are extremely difficult to assess visually. Thus, all digital content should mandatorily have attached metadata and preferably watermarking in order to avert their malicious re-use. Also, computer alertness, especially about imaging softwares, should be promoted among forensic odontologists/dental professionals.

Salivary duct cyst on lower lip: A rare entity and literature review

Mucocele forms because of salivary gland mucous extravasation or retention and is usually related to trauma in the area of the lower lips. Salivary duct cyst, however, is a type of mucous retention cyst which is almost never located on the lower lip. The aim of this paper is to report this extremely rare salivary duct cyst present on the lower lip and to critically review the literature to build important concepts that would help clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

Minor salivary glands and dental caries: Approach towards a new horizon

Introduction: Reduction of functioning minor salivary glands may contribute to emergence of mucosal infections, mucosal ulceration, and possibly dental caries. A study was, therefore, designed to understand the exact role of minor salivary gland secretions over dental caries. Methodology: We studied the average labial distribution of functional minor salivary glands using various pre-defined locations, counted the minor salivary gland secretion imprints, and correlated the decayed missing filledlevels in subjects. The functional level and amount of secretion of minor salivary gland were evaluated. The radial immunodiffusion was performed by Diffu-Plate kit and the dimensions of the ring were correlated with the amount of immunoglobulin A in saliva. Results: The mean number of functional labial minor salivary glands, amount of secretion, level of glycoprotein secretion, and immunoglobulin A secretion levels could very well dictate the functional status and role of minor salivary glands over caries assessment. Conclusion: The above-mentioned tests could be of major significance in routine diagnosis of the most common oral disease, i.e., dental caries.

Revealing anti-cariogenic efficacy of smokeless tobacco: A pilot study.

Background: The tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum, has been responsible for more deaths than any other herb. However, the literature has also been endowed with its use as “holy herb” since the pre-Columbian era. Used for treating pain, poisonous bites, ulcers, nasal polyps, and basal cell carcinoma; it also acts as an important ingredient of commercially available toothpastes; and even used as tobacco vaccines against Streptococcus species as highlighted in the literature. Aims and Objectives: (1) To elicit the anti-microbial property of tobacco against Streptococcus mutans, if any, in raw smokeless tobacco. (2) To study the relationship of duration and growth inhibition efficacy of smokeless tobacco. Materials and Methods: Extracts were prepared by centrifugation of mixed raw smokeless tobacco with Ringers lactate solution and with saliva. The extracts were placed in wells prepared on Mitis salivarius culture plate and incubated at 37°C for 24 h after 0 h, 1 h, and 2 h of extract preparation. The inhibition zones were measured on the underside of plate using the vernier calipers. Results: Smokeless tobacco has a statistically significant zone of inhibition, which proves its anti-microbial activity against S. mutans. However, the mean zones of inhibition were greater for Ringers lactate and tobacco group as compared to test samples (saliva and tobacco) with subsequent reduction of inhibition zones with an increase in duration. Conclusion: The anti-microbial property of extensive tobacco resources can be utilized from their extracts in order to balance the deterioration it had caused to mankind.

Syndontia with talon cusp

Teeth are specialized structural components of the craniofacial skeleton. Developmental defects occur either alone or in combination with other birth defects. Macrodontia of anterior teeth may occur as an isolated condition or as a result of fusion or gemination and can occur in the primary or permanent dentition. Fusion is more commonly seen in the anterior maxillary region. This case presentation reports a case of fusion of a supplemental tooth to one in the normal series in conjunction with a talon cusp. This condition is extremely rare and has been reported at fourth occasion in the literature. The etiology, prevalence, clinical features, and management of the aforementioned anomalies have been reviewed in detail. Early diagnosis of this condition is important because it may cause clinical problems, such as esthetic concerns and tooth crowding.

Adenolymphoma: A probing entity: Case report and review

Warthins tumor undoubtedly is the most frequent monomorphic adenoma of the major salivary glands. Clinically, it appears as a slow-growing tumor often fluctuant on palpation due to its cystic nature. The treatment of choice is complete excision with wide tumor-free margins. This article highlights a case of Warthins tumor of the parotid gland in an elderly male patient along with a review of the literature on the aforementioned pathology.