Ann Forsten

Size decrease in Late Pleistocene-Holocene caballoid horses (genus Equus), intra-or interspecific evolution? A discussion of alternatives

Abstract In agreement with many other Late Pleistocene-Holocene mammals, caballoid horse(s) underwent body size reduction, which set in in the middle late Pleistocene. There is no consensus yet as to how many equid species were involved in this size trend and there is justification and evidence both for a one-species model and for a multi-species model. The causes of the size decrease and alternative taxonomic models are discussed here.

Anchitherium from Paşalar, Turkey

Abstract The fossil sample, mainly of isolated teeth, of the equid Anchitherium from Pasalar is described and compared with roughly contemporaneous samples of this genus from other parts of Eurasia. On the basis of these comparisons, conclusions are drawn as to the taxonomic relationships of Anchitherium from Pasalar, which is placed in the subspecies A. aurelianense hippoides known from Astaracian sites in France.

Supraspecific grouping of Old World hipparions (Mammalia, Equidae)

KurzfassungEs werden morphologische Merkmale diskutiert, die sich zur überartlichen Gliederung der hipparioniden Pferde eignen. Anhand dieser Merkmale werden unter den altweltlichen HipparionenHipparion, Proboscidipparion undNeohipparion unterschieden, in letztgenannter Gattung außerdem die UntergattungenNeohipparion undStylohipparion. Zum Schluß werden die Beziehungen der neuweltlichen zu den altweltlichen Hipparionen kurz diskutiert.AbstractMorphological characters useful for supraspecific grouping of hipparionid horses are discussed. On the basis of such characters supraspecific groups are distinguished among Old World hipparions. These are the generaHipparion, Proboscidipparion, andNeohipparion, the latter with the subgeneraNeohipparion andStylohipparion. The relationship of the New World hipparions to the Old World groups is briefly discussed.

Late Miocene Ceratotherium and Hipparion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Düzyayla (Hafik, Sivas), Turkey

The fossil rhinoceros and hipparions from a new, Late Miocene mammalian fauna in Turkey are described. The scant material does not allow a specific determination of the latter. Various indices, often calculated on hipparion teeth and bones and believed to be phylogenetically and stratigraphically important, are critically discussed.

The Late Pleistocene-Holocene horses,not asses, from Japan (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equus)

Abstract Late Pleistocene Equus from Japan is represented by true horses, not by Asiatic asses. The taxonomicstatus of the finds is supported not only by their dental morphology, but by the distribution on the Asiatic continent, the source of Equus in Japan, and the ecology of these equids.

The fossil horses (Equidae, Mammalia)from the Plio-Pleistocene of Liventsovka near Rostov-Don, Russia

Abstract A reanalysis and redescription of the fossil horses from Liventsovka is necessary for three reasons:their diversity may indicate faunal age heterogeneity, their taxonomic status indicates that the age of the fauna (or of part of it) is late rather than middle Villafranchian, and the references to Equus livenzovensis Baigusheva from Italy and Spain are erroneous.

Fossil horses (Mammalia, Equidae) from the bone breccias of Croatia, northern Balcan

KurzfassungAus den Knochenbrekzien der Karstregion von Kroatien (nördlicher Balkan) werden die fossilen Pferde der GattungEquus aus dem späten Villafranchium bis zum ?Holsteinium (möglicherweise sogar bis zum späten Pleistozän) beschrieben. Ausbreitung und Ökologie vonEquus werden diskutiert.AbstractThe late Villafranchian to ? Holsteinian (possibly even late Pleistocene) fossil horses of the genusEquus from the bone breccias of the karst area of Croatia, northern Balcan, are described. The dispersal and ecology ofEquus are also discussed.

Dental size trends in an equid sample from the Sandalja II cave of northwestern Yugoslavia

KurzfassungEine Probe equider Zähne, aus neun aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten des oberen Würms der Höhle Sandalja II gewonnen, wird auf bedeutende Größentrends hin untersucht. Die Ergebnisse (vermutlich Größenabnahme) werden vor dem Hintergrund eines gleichzeitlichen Klimawechsels interpretiert.AbstractAn equid dental sample, deriving from nine successive levels of the upper Würmian of the Sandalja II cave, is analysed for significant size trends and the result (probable size decrease) is interpreted against the background of contemporaneous climatic change.

Correlation ofHipparion faunal components in the East mediterranean and paratethys areas

KurzfassungMehrere Arten vonHipparion aus Turolisch-Mittelsarmatisch-Meotíschen Faunen des Ostmediterrans und der Paratethys werden verglichen. Die großen, allgemein häufigen Formen werden zuH. primigenium (v. Meyer) gestellt, die umstrittenen kleineren zuH. verae Gabunia,H. mediterraneum Roth & Wagner,H. cf.moldavicum Gromova undH. schlosseri Antonius. Aufgrund von Evolutionsereignissen (z. B. Radiation) und den Vorkommen taxonomisch ahnlicher Arten wird der Versuch gemacht, die Faunen der beiden Gebiete zu korrelieren.AbstractSeveral species ofHipparion from Turolian/Middle Sarmatian-Meotian faunas in the East Mediterranean and Paratethys areas are compared. The large hipparions common to the faunas are referred toH. primigenium (v. Meyer), the smaller hipparions discussed belong to the speciesH. verae Gabunia,H. mediterraneum Roth & Wagner,H. cf.moldavicum Gromova, andH.schlosseri Antonius. A correlation of the faunas in the two areas is attempted on the basis of evolutionary events (e. g. radiation) and the presence of taxonomically similar species.

Hipparion tchicoicum Ivanjev une forme particulière d’Equidae tridactyle Pliocène d’Asie

Abstract Hipparion tchicoicum is a peculiar three-toed horse from the Ruscinian-early Villafranchian of northern China, northern Mongolia, and Transbaikalia, Russia. Material of this species is described and its taxonomic relationships and stratigraphic importance are discussed.