Ann Rigney

Plenitude, Scarcity and the Circulation of Cultural Memory

An argument is made for the need to conceptualize cultural memory, not as merely derivative of individual psychology, but in terms of a ‘working memory’ (Assmann) that is constructed and reconstructed in public acts of remembrance and evolves according to distinctly cultural mechanisms. Foucault’s ‘scarcity principle’ is used to show the role of media in generating shared memories through processes of selection, convergence, recursivity and transfer. This media-based approach, emphasizing the way memories are communicated, circulated and exchanged, allows us to see how collective identities may be (re)defined through memorial practices, and not merely reflected in them.

Mediation, remediation, and the dynamics of cultural memory

This collection links the use of media to the larger socio-cultural processes involved in collective memory-making. The focus in particular is on mediation and remediation as two fundamental aspects of media use, and on the dynamics between them. Key questions are: What role do media play in the production and circulation of cultural memories? How do mediation, remediation and intermediality shape objects and acts of cultural remembrance? How can new, emergent media redefine or transform what is collectively remembered? This book first appeared as a hardback volume in the De Gruyter series Media and Cultural Memory Studies. With the present book the original articles are reissued in an affordable paperback edition for graduate students and scholars in the field of Media and Memory Studies.

Divided pasts: A premature memorial and the dynamics of collective remembrance

The commemoration of the participation of Irishmen in the British army in the first World War has reflected the political divisions on the island. This article focuses on the Irish National War Memorial, which was built in the 1930s in Dublin but only officially opened in the 1990s, and analyses the cultural life of this monument in relation to the difficult integration of a marginalized group into the dominant national narrative. The case is used to support a call for an integrated study of collective remembrance that takes into account both its multi-medial character and the dynamic interplay between cultural and social processes.

Reconciliation and remembering: (how) does it work?:

Public acts of remembrance are as much about shaping the future as about recollecting the past. This interplay between recollection and future-building has been implicit in much of the work done in the field of cultural memory in the last years. It has been explicitly at the core of the burgeoning field of transitional justice, informed as it is by the belief that future peace and stability depends crucially on finding ways of ‘coming to terms’ with past violence. This special issue, brought together by three editors from different disciplines, aims to bring debates within memory studies and in the field of transitional justice into a more intense dialogue. A central concern is with critically analysing, from a multidisciplinary perspective, the interplay between the many practices of public remembrance in post-conflict societies in relation to their impact on social relations and individual subjects. 1 The mnemonic practices examined include the cornerstones of discussions in transitional justice – legal tribunals, truth commissions, official apologies, reparations – but go beyond these cornerstones to include other, less-codified forms of commemoration (memorials, museums, street performances and the arts) that operate sometimes in conjunction, sometimes in tension, with legal procedures and that are often initiated by non-governmental actors. By exploring the interplay between these various forms of remembrance in relation to the fault-lines dividing particular societies, this special issue gives fresh insight into the multilayeredness of memory and the complex socio-cultural dynamic between remembrance and present-day alliances. Taken together, moreover, the articles also reveal some of the fault-lines within the reconciliation scenario itself, by addressing not just the practices and outcomes of reconciliatory acts of remembrance, but also the discourses surrounding them. In his famous essay ‘What is a Nation?’ (1947–61[1882]) Ernest Renan already linked national solidarity to overcoming past divisions through selective remembrance. Since all nations have known periods of conflict, Renan argued, it is necessary for people not only to be able to remember their common past but also to forget divisive events (such as the Saint-Barthelemy massacre in France) whose memory would only serve to reproduce old conflicts in present-day society. Since Renan, and certainly since the emergence of memory studies as a field of research, we have learned that collective forgetting and collective remembering are equally complex processes. 2 But the idea that the mediated production of common memory narratives can and should be ‘engineered’

Literature and the production of cultural memory: Introduction

Over the last decade, ‘cultural memory’ has emerged as a useful umbrella term to describe the complex ways in which societies remember their past using a variety of media. Where earlier discussions of collective memory had a thematic focus and were concerned above all with identifying the ‘sites of memory’ that act as placeholders for the memories of particular groups, attention has been shifting in recent years to the cultural processes by which memories become shared in the first place. It has become increasingly apparent that the memories that are shared within generations and across different generations are the product of public acts of remembrance using a variety of media. Stories, both oral and written, images, museums, monuments: these all work together in creating and sustaining ‘sites of memory’. Thus everyone reading this issue of EJES will have some ‘recollection’ of the First World War, but since most readers were not alive in 1914, these ‘recollections’ are vicarious ones, the product of accumulated exposure to a common reservoir of products, including photographs and documentaries, museums, personal accounts, histories and novels.

Materiality and Memory: Objects to Ecologies : A Response to Maria Zirra

In her close reading of Seamus Heaney’s Station Island, Maria Zirra vividly shows the workings of a ‘vibrant memory object’ in the form of a stone that cuts into the poet’s hand. Her focus is on the poetry of Heaney and its evocation of an object, but many other examples can be adduced at a time when stories about objects have arguably become part of a cultural trend. Edmund De Waal’s bestselling family memoir The Hare with Amber Eyes (2010) offers another case in point: it shows how a set of beautifully-crafted netsuke, whose presence in the writer’s pocket worked as a mnemonic gadfly, and triggered a convoluted search for the story of his family. It was arguably De Waal’s own capacity in turn to evoke these objects vividly for his reader that made his book such a success.

Do Apologies End Events? Bloody Sunday, 1972–2010

On 15 June 2010 the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, David Cameron, addressed the Lower House of the British parliament in a speech that lasted some ten minutes and included the following words: I know that some people wonder whether, nearly 40 years on from an event, a prime minister needs to issue an apology. For someone of my generation, Bloody Sunday and the early 1970s are something we feel we have learnt about rather than lived through. But what happened should never, ever have happened. The families of those who died should not have had to live with the pain and the hurt of that day and with a lifetime of loss. Some members of our armed forces acted wrongly. The government is ultimately responsible for the conduct of the armed forces and for that, on behalf of the government, indeed, on behalf of our country, I am deeply sorry.

Commemorating Writers in Nineteenth-Century Europe

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The vague and complex character of collective memory: on The Collective Memory Reader

Fil: Belvedresi, Rosa Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educacion. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina

Book review symposium: The Collective Memory Reader:

Fil: Belvedresi, Rosa Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educacion. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina