Anna Kocková-Kratochvílová

Malassezia pachydermatis in Small Animals. Malassezia pachydermatis bei Kleintieren

Summary:u2002 Sixty‐two small animals suspected of fungal diseases were examined in the capital of Slovakia, Bratislava, during the years 1978 to 1985. The yeast‐like organism, Malassezia pachydermatis was cultivated from 11 cases. The change of the generic name Pityrosporum to Malassezia by Dutch taxonomists has prompted the present discussion of the historical development of the nomenclature of this species.

Numerical Taxonomy of the Yeast Genus Debaryomyces Lodder & Kreger-van Rij

SUMMARY: A set of 142 strains of yeasts, originally described as Debaryomyces species, were examined for 64 morphological, physiological and serological characters and the results were subjected to numerical analysis. Three phenons and one individual strain emerged at the 77% similarity level. The first two phenons were each divided into three subphenons at the 85% similarity level. Assimilation of n-alkanes (C6 to C16) was most useful for the division of strains into the three phenons. The data agree with the published results of % GC content.

Liquid nitrogen storage of yeast cultures. II. Stability of characteristics of stored strains.

Nineteen strains of yeasts possessing different characteristics were stored in liquid nitrogen and after 5 years phenotypic characters were evaluated and compared with equivalent strains preserved under paraffin oil. All qualitative characters tested remained stable, and quantitative characters varied only within the range of natural variability.

The problem of carotenoid biosynthesis in the taxonomy of genera Rhodotorula and Rhodosporidium

This report presents results in the composition of major carotenoids of various coloured mutants of the genusRhodotorula and of mating types of the genusRhodosporidium. The separation of carotenoid intermediates was carried out by thin layer chromatography using Silufol 254 Kavalier and the determination of eluated spots by spectrophotometry. There was found no difference in carotenoid composition of both mating typesa and α of individual species of the genusRhodosporidium. The vegetative and sexual reproduction ofRhodotorula andRhodosporidium can be separated from the carotenogenesis using 10−4 mol diphenylamine. It was concluded that lycopene could be the intermediate to mono- and dicyclic carotenoids; in the case of partial inhibition of the dehydrogenation step the direct cyclization of neurosporene to β-zeacarotene can be expected. An unknown compound, probably lycopersene was found and was considered to be the precursor of phytoene. Phytoene and phytofluene were proved in all studied samples. Nutritional conditions (vitamins, sulfur amino acids, etc.) are able to shift the ratios between major carotenoids. Rhodotorula aurantiaca strains were observed to be auxotrophic mutants of various characters and the existence of this species as independent one, was denied. In diesem Bericht wurden die Ergebnisse zusammengebracht, die über die Zusammensetzung hauptsächtlicher Carotinoide der pigmentlosen Mutanten der GattungRhodotorula and der Paarungstypen der GattungRhodosporidium berichten. Die Trennung der Zwischenprodukte der Carotinoidsynthese folgte bei Dünnschicht-chromatographie an Silufol 254 Kavalier und die Bestimmung einzelner Substanzen bei der Spektrophotometrie. Es wurden keine Differenzen in der Zusammensetzung der Carotinoide beider Paarungstypen desRhodosporidiums gefunden. Die vegetative und sexuelle Vermehrung der GattungenRhodotorula undRhodosporidium können von der Carotinoidsynthese mit Hilfe des 10−4 mol Diphenylamins getrennt werden. Aus den obengegebenen Ergebnissen folgt, dass Lycopin als Intermediat zu mono- und dicyklischen Carotinoide führt. Ist die Stufe der Dehydrogenation teilweise inhibiert, so kann Neurosporin direkt cyklisiert werden und zur Produktion des β-Zeacarotins führen. Es wurde weiter eine nicht bestimmte farblose Substanz entdeckt, die als Prekursor des Phytoens betrachtet werden konnte. Phytoen und Phytofluen wurden in allen Proben gefunden. Die Nahrungsbedingungen (Vitamin-, Aminosäuren- u.a. Zusammensetzung) können über die beiderseitigen Verhältnisse zwischen einzelnen Carotinoidzwischenprodukten entscheiden, was durch Verfütterungsversuche nachgewiesen wurde. Rhodotorula aurantiaca Stämme wurden als polyauxotrophe Mutanten gefunden so, dass über die Existenz einer selbständigen ArtRhodotorula aurantiaca gezweifelt wurde.

Ein beitrag zur ökologie der hefen aus Nordost-Mecklenburg

253 strains of yeast and yeast-like organisms were collected from 14 areas predominately on sea coasts in North-East Mecklenburg in German Democratic Republic between April and August 1970. 241 of these isolates are from various parts of plants and represent 13 genera. The most widespread fungi wereAureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, M. reukaufii and carotenes containing yeast-like fungi. The qualitative composition of isolates varied with meteorological conditions directly or indirectly. Up to 5° CAureobasidium, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Kloeckera andCandida were found, all other genera not untill the atmosphaeric temperature in average 5–10° C reached,Saccharomyces andHansenula at higher temperature than 10° C. The most isolated yeasts did not ferment sugars or only glucose, but minority of them fermented sucrose and maltose.Metschnikowia species appeared in summer months and were isolated in smaller quantity then in warmer countries. In comparison with the number of carotenes containing isolates,Metschnikowia pecies were isolated in ten time smaller minority than in South Slovakia in 1959. The predominance of carotenes containing yeasts impressed to the whole set of isolated populations some specific features in connection with tolerancy to salts, activity of urease, growth temperature, splitting of fat substances, assimilation of hydrocarbones, etc.

Die Beziehungen innerhalb der Gattung Cryptococcus (Sanfelice) Vuillemin

Summary A collection of 49 Cryptococcus strains was studied by means of 62 tests, which emphasized morphological, physiological and biochemical properties. The experimental results were subjected to computer analysis using matching coefficient and taxanomic distance. Cluster analysis were carried out using average linkage method. Two clusters and one individual strain were formed, the first cluster represented the genus Cryptococcus , the second cluster and the individual strain did not belong to this genus. The cluster of the genus Cryptococcus was divided into five phenons: Laurentii Neoformans, Albidus, Terreus and Aerius . The belonging of strains to these phenons is discussed comparing the results with those of GC% content in DNA, of the production of coenzyme Q and many other. The quick identification of phenons was suggested.

Das Vorkommen hefeartiger Pilze in menschlicher Galle

Summary:u2002 The influence of the drinking cure on yeast‐like species and their number in the bile of patients suffering gall‐bladder diseases was followed up. The majority of identified species was Candida albicans in 76%, and C. parapsilosis in 13%; some individual strains of C. langeronii, C. viswanathii, C. iberica, C. pseudotropicalis, C. lusitaniae and Geotrichum candidum were found. Only one species of the genus Candida occurred in the majority of bile samples, but in five cases two different species appeared and in one case also three species of yeasts. The number of colonies did not surpass 10 in 1 ml of the bile, only in 5 cases was the number of colonies in 1 ml of the bile higher then 100.

Two amylolytic species of yeast-like organisms isolated from lake water

In 1986 two yeast species exhibiting a high amylolytic activity, viz. a diploid form ofSaccharomycopsis fibuligera and a highly denticulate form ofHypoopichia burtonii, were isolated from a lake near Rudava. The two above forms were isolated in this country for the first time. It is interesting that they were isolated from water rather than from a starch substrate.