Anna Ksykiewicz-Dorota

Review of Research on Organizational Culture in Health Care System

Abstract Introduction. Organizational culture is an ambiguous concept, it reflects norms and values considered important in a given society. It is subject to the influence of internal and external factors, as well as its technical and organizational solutions. It is considered a significant factor in the organization’s success and sets the direction of most of its members’ activities. Aim. The aim of the work was to present a review of research on organizational culture in the health care system based on the literature. Methods. The article is in the form of an unsystematic review. The medical databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar have been reviewed (from January 1963 to January 2017). Results. The concept of organizational culture in the management literature for the first time was defined in the 1950s. The subject of research on organizational culture in the health care system and subsystem of nursing was mainly dealt with in North America and Western Europe. In Poland, the study of organizational culture in the nursing sector was analyzed in relation to the mental burden of nurses. The review of the literature shows that organizational culture affects many elements of the professional work of nurses, such as; efficiency, quality, mental stress, burnout, the occurrence of work-related diseases, and also is associated with satisfaction with care and a sense of security.

Review of studies concerning job performance of nursing staff

Abstract Introduction. Work performance is defined as a total value of behaviours expected from the employees during evaluation performed within a specified time. According to the basic and dichotomous division, performance refers to behaviours of employees (behavioural), and the results of their work. In addition, the researchers differentiate: task performance, contextual performance and adaptive performance. Results. Since the 1960s, many international researchers have been engaged in problems concerning the performance of work of nursing staff. Until today, the above-mentioned scope of problems remains up-to-date, but has been poorly recognized in Polish literature [1,2,3]. In the international reports the authors prove that the multi-aspect phenomenon of work performance depends on many variables. Many studies confirmed the relationship between job performance and personal traits of the employee, shift work, level of stress, social support, interpersonal relationships, leadership, as well as organizational culture.

Structure of working time of pediatric nurses in Poland

Project Summary This project was led by a team of academics from The Scottish Collaboration for the Enhancement of Preregistration Nursing (SCEPRN). The project purpose was to follow up on previous literature reviews completed, that addressed complexity and challenges in providing meaningful feedback to students in the practice learning environment (Haycock-Stuart, Darbyshire & Donaghy, 2013; Pollock, Rice & McMillan, 2015). A qualitative study was conducted utilising individual semi structured interviews (n=7), which explored mentors behaviours in seeking feedback from members of the inter-professional team, and people who access services (PWAS). The purpose was to identify how this data was integrated by mentors to capture both feedback and the assessment process for student nurses. Aim The aim of the project was to identify how mentors use feedback on student performance to inform practice assessment in pre-registration nursing programmes in Scotland. Edinburgh Napier University, University of Glasgow and Queen Margaret University collaborated on the project with a view to:  Updating the reviews of literature of the last 3 years practice assessment in pre-registration nursing programmes.  Identifying how mentors elicit feedback from the Inter-professional Team, patients and carers views of student performance in practice assessment within pre-registration nursing programmes.  Explore mentors’ perspectives of practice assessment and feedback provided to students and Universities, within pre-registration nursing programmes.  Reviewing mentor preparation programmes in Scotland for content on preparation to provide meaningful feedback to students in practice learning.  Synthesising the data gathered within the context of the current evidence base and the updated literature reviews.  To propose any recommendations that may arise from the findings. Questions  How do mentors collect evidence that contributes to the student’s final assessment?  How do mentors elicit feedback from the inter-professional team that informs the student’s final assessment?  How do mentors engage with users of health care services to enable their feedback to inform the student’s final assessment? Methodology This is a qualitative research study, using semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of mentors of student nurses (n=7), from across Southern Scotland. Data analysis was undertaken using Burnard’s approach to thematic analysis (Burnard, 1991, 1996, Burnard et. al., 2008). Findings The two themes were identified from the data were: Collaboration and Gathering formal feedback. Recommendations NHS Education for Scotland Consider developing national systems to support mentors and future mentors to deliver meaningful feedback and feedforward to student nurses during their practice learning experiences. Mentor preparation programmes Review mentorship programmes: To assist mentors to understand the ongoing contribution of feedback and feedforward to student nurses’ learning. To develop mentors’ skills to provide meaningful feedback and feedforward, as this is a critical factor in student learning. Consider the hidden curriculum in the practice areas and enable mentors to develop an understanding of their part in this curriculum Undergraduate nursing programmes Review input for: How undergraduate student nurses learn about meaningful feedback in practice learning. How undergraduate student nurses learn about how to seek meaningful feedback and to assist student nurses to develop feedback seeking behaviours. The development of learning experiences for student nurse that cultivate the capacity to deliver meaningful feedback in preparation for their future mentoring career. Higher education institutions Review the role of summative versus formative feedback in the practice assessment documentation (the Ongoing Achievement Record (OAR)). Consider possible mechanisms for collecting and collating feedback from the IP team.

Working time structure of pediatric nurses in hospital wards representing different referential levels

BACKGROUND Working time is a non-renewable and important element in the management of an organization. The implementation of changes in the structure of working time may be facilitated by the insight into activities undertaken by employees during work. Such an approach plays an important role since the effective use of time improves the quality of care, prevents timewasting and optimizes the use of the full potential of employees, including nurses. The objective of the study was to determine the structure of working time of pediatric nurses in hospital wards of 2 referential levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted in 2 wards (2nd and 3rd levels of reference) in the Regional Specialist Childrens Hospital in Olsztyn. The research method involved the measurement of working time, as well as continuous and snap-shot observation techniques. Standardized research instruments were used in the study; 8 continuous observations and 2333 snap-shot observations were carried out. RESULTS In the structure of working time of pediatric nurses indirect nursing-related activities predominated (52.2%). Direct nursing made 28.7% of the working time. The nurses devoted the smallest amount of time to coordination and organization - 8%. The percentage of time associated with non-duty activities and breaks at work was 11.1%. In direct nursing activities associated with diagnosing (9%) and treatment (11.7%) prevailed. In indirect nursing activities pertaining to documentation of activities related to direct nursing made 24.6%. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric nurses devote insufficient amount of time to direct nursing. Activities associated with documentation of activities related to direct nursing, preparation for direct nursing, as well as treatment and diagnosing predominate in the working time structure of nurses. Med Pr 2017;68(1):95-103.

The working time of nurse

Introduction: Human resources, not counting financial or information ones, are basic resources of the enterprise, allowing achieving objectives of the organization. Management of human resources should guarantee effective applying of the knowledge and employees’ abilities. On the other hand, it should prevent casting of staff, by assigning support activities to employees. The studies concerning the structure of working hours of nurses on adult department are quite frequently conducted. However, there is a lack of research on working hours of pediatric nurses, so structure of activities of this occupational group performed during hospital duty were recognized as useful to be researched. The aim of the study: Determining the structure of activities performed by nurses on the general pediatric department/ward. Materials and method: Preliminary survey on the structure of working hours was conducted during four 12 - hour duties: two morning and two night duties in one of hospitals of the Podkarpackie province. Constant observation was a research method, and the standardized monitoring sheet - research tool. Results: Analysis of activities undertaken by nurses working at the pediatric department showed that during shift assignments the indirect care tasks constituted the largest percentage of activities (46.01%). About one third of working time was devoted to direct care (28.93%). Coordinating and organizing current work on the ward constituted 14.49%. Breaks and personal activities constituted the smallest percentage (10.57%). Amongst the activities within the direct care scope the following prevailed: performing diagnostic and healing actions and the communication of nurses with parents/ carers and the child. Conclusions: The study pointed at the too low percentage of working hours of pediatric nurses in the direct care. Streamlining work organization of nurses with emphasizing the care and looking after is well justified. Thorough analysis of the support activities associated with the indirect care shows that many of them could be done by outsourced employees and not necessarily at the pediatric department staff.

Obciążenie pracą podczas ostatniego dyżuru w opiniach pielęgniarek pracujących w szpitalach objętych projektem RN4CAST

The issue of workload is one of the most important ones as far as the nurses’ profession is concerned. Numerous analyses prove the relationship between excessive workload and job dissatisfaction, which may lead to low morale, absenteeism, high rotation and low work efficiency and, consequently, result in deterioration of the care provided to the patient and even put the patient’s safety at risk. RN4CAST project is aimed at the evaluation of the workload which the nurses are exposed to during their shifts. Such a survey focuses on all structural determinants of hospital workload depending on: type of the ward, professional role, number of patients and their health condition as well as work conditions and organization: the number of working hours and shift staffing.

Wpływ struktury zatrudnienia personelu i wybranych czynników organizacyjnych szpitala na wskaźnik zgonów pacjentów hospitalizowanych w szpitalach polskich uczestniczących w projekcie RN4CAST

Influence of hospital staffing and selected organisational circumstances on the death rate of patients treated in Polish hospitals participating in the RN4CAST project. Introduction. Adequate hospital staff employm

Czynniki wpływające na rekomendację szpitala jako miejsca pracy w opinii pielęgniarek zatrudnionych w polskich szpitalach

Factors influencing recommendation of a hospital as place of employment in the opinion of nurses working in Polish hospitals Introduction. European states observe an increased demand for healthcare services and diminishing numbers of nurses wo

Wybrane czynniki determinujące ocenę jakości opieki pielęgniarskiej w szpitalach pełniących stały dyżur. Wyniki projektu RN4CAST

Selected factors determining assessment of nursing care quality in acute hospitals. Results of RN4CAST project Introduction . The essence of nursing care is to improve treatment results, patient satisfaction, and decrease treatment costs. Aim . Presenting the factors determining the assessment of nursing care quality in acute hospitals. Material and method . The study included 2605 nurses working in 30 hospitals in Poland. The Work Environment Scale and an opinion questionnaire were used to collect the data. The analysis based on logistic regression model, generalised estimating equations, χ² test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results . Three in every four respondents evaluated the quality of nursing care as good. The assessment depended on the conditions of work, autonomy in providing care, patient information flow, patient safety, occurrence of adverse events, discussion of mistakes, nurse workload, potential for education, and flexible working time. Conclusion . The factors significantly influencing the assessment of nursing care quality are the working environment, care monitoring and management.