Anna M. Glazunova

Monitoring of EPS operation by the state estimation methods

State estimation is the most important procedure providing the electric power system control with reliable quality information. The role of state estimation problem is getting more pronounced with transition to a qualitatively new level of technologies and control of power systems based on the wide-area monitoring and control systems (WAMS/WACS). Currently the electric power system (EPS) state estimation methods are developed on the basis of combined application of conventional measurements from SCADA and phasor measurement that are provided by PMU. Practical application of PMUs reveals a number of factors that affect the correctness of their measurements. Therefore, the need arises to verify the PMU measurements. The paper suggests the approaches to validation of PMU measurements on the basis of test equation technique. Consideration is given to the modification of state estimation algorithm by combining the SCADA and PMU measurements.

PMU placement on the basis of SCADA measurements for fast load flow calculation in electric power systems

The paper considers the problem of PMU placement in such a way that the volume of initial information based on the SCADA and PMU measurements is sufficient to determine all the state vector components for load flow calculations without iterations. The PMU number in this case should be minimal. The problem of PMU placement is solved by the simulated annealing method.

Test equations for validation of critical measurements and critical sets at power system state estimation

The paper presents new approaches to determination and validation of critical measurements and critical sets. These approaches are based on the use of test equations for the problems of state estimation. The concept of test equations is outlined, the methods for a priori data analysis using test equations are presented, the possible application of dynamic algorithms and artificial neural network (ANN) to search for bad data is considered. The idea of neural network validation is based on the capability of the learned ANN to restore an ideal image by its distorted copy. The efficiency of the suggested approaches has been confirmed by the results of experimental studies.

Smart Technologies in Emergency Control of Russia's Unified Energy System

The objective trends in electric power systems (EPSs) call for prompter and more adequate response of control systems. New smart measurement, communication and control tools, information and computer technologies can be used to improve EPS controllability. The distinctive features of the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia are discussed and the current emergency control system is presented in the paper. A modern approach to monitoring, forecasting and control is suggested. Some artificial intelligence applications for development of emergency control in the UES of Russia are presented.

Intelligent control and protection in the Russian electric power system

Abstract The chapter presents the following contributions: (1) a general overview of an intelligent electric power system with an active and adaptive network (IESAAN) as the Russian vision of a smart grid, its technological platform, and control system; (2) state estimation (SE) techniques as informational support of the IESAAN control including SE with phasor measurements use, FACTS modeling in SE applications, dynamic SE, and cyber-physical security issues of SE; (3) intelligent operation and smart emergency protection in Russia including requirements for new protection systems; a novel system of monitoring, forecasting, and control of electric power system (EPS); artificial intelligence applications in EPS such as a forecast of state variables based on dynamic SE and hybrid data-driven approaches; a total transfer capability estimation method; an automatic decision tree-based system for online voltage security control; a multiagent coordination of emergency control devices; and an intelligent system for preventing large-scale emergencies; (4) a description of smart grid territorial clusters in the interconnected power systems of Russia.

PMU Placement Based on Heuristic Methods, when Solving the Problem of EPS State Estimation

Creation of satellite communication systems gave rise to a new generation of measurement equipment – Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). Integrated into the measurement system WAMS, the PMU sensors provide a real picture of state of energy power system (EPS). The issues of PMU placement when solving the problem of EPS state estimation (SE) are discussed in many papers. PMU placement is a complex combinatorial problem, and there is not any analytical function to optimize its variables. Therefore, this problem is often solved by the heuristic optimization methods. Depending on the chosen set of sensors (SCADAP only PMU; PMU placement based on the concept of depth of unobservability), one can obtain no less than 3 different variants of placing PMUs for one and the same system. The paper describes the PMU placement criteria suggested by the authors to solve the SE problem. Among them: improvement of bad data detection, maximum accuracy of estimates, transformation of the system graph into a tree, maximum number of measurements to be added, PMU placement during the decomposition of the power system SE problem. It is shown that the correct selection of PMU placement criteria can improve the solutions to these problems.