Anna Manolova Fagertun

Energy-aware routing optimization in dynamic GMPLS controlled optical networks

In this paper, routing optimizations based on energy sources are proposed in dynamic GMPLS controlled optical networks. The influences of re-routing and load balancing factors on the algorithm are evaluated, with a focus on different re-routing thresholds. Results from dynamic network simulations show that re-routing strategies can lower CO2 emissions compared to the basic energy source routing scheme, and a lower re-routing threshold achieves more savings. The increased blocking probability brought by using re-routing schemes can be compensated by applying load balancing criteria. A trade-off between blocking probability and obtained CO2 savings is studied.

Experimental Demonstration of Multidimensional Switching Nodes for All-Optical Data Center Networks

This paper reports on a novel ring-based data center architecture composed of multidimensional switching nodes. The nodes are interconnected with multicore fibers and can provide switching in three different physical, hierarchically overlaid dimensions (space, wavelength, and time). The proposed architecture allows for scaling in different dimensions while at the same time providing support for connections with different granularity. The ring topology reduces the number of different physical links required, leading to simplified cabling and easier link management, while optical bypass holds the prospect of low latency and low-power consumption. The performance of the multidimensional switching nodes has been investigated in an experimental demonstration comprising three network nodes connected with multicore fibers. Both high capacity wavelength connections and time-shared subwavelength connections have been established for connecting different nodes by switching indifferent physical dimensions. Error-free performance (BER <; 10-9) has been achieved for all the connections with various granularity in all the investigated switching scenarios. The scalability of the system has been studied by increasing the transmission capacity to 1 Tbit/s/core equivalent to 7 Tbit/s total throughput in a single seven-core multicore fiber. The error-free performance (BER <; 10-9) for all the connections confirms that the proposed architecture can meet the existing

Analysis of energy efficiency in dynamic optical networks employing solar energy sources

The paper presents energy efficient routing in dynamic optical networks, where solar energy sources are employed for the network nodes. Different parameters are evaluated, including the number of nodes that have access to solar energy sources, the different maximum solar output power, traffic type and the locations of solar powered nodes. Results show a maximum 39% savings in energy consumption with different increases in connection blocking probability.

Ring-based all-optical datacenter networks

Ring-based generic network architecture for all-optical datacenters is proposed, offering highly scalable interconnection network with reduced cabling complexity. Simulations show improved performance compared to all-optical fat-tree datacenter architecture with 40%-99% improved connection request blocking and 3%-17% improved resource utilization.

Power-Aware Multi-Layer Translucent Network Design: an Integrated OPEX/CAPEX Analysis

We propose a three-phase network design model minimizing CAPEX and OPEX in IP-over-WDM architectures. By forbidding reconfiguration (accounting for 58% of the OPEX) we achieve only 4.2% increase in power consumption at no CAPEX expenses.

Energy efficient routing algorithms in dynamic optical core networks with dual energy sources

This paper proposes new energy efficient routing algorithms in optical core networks, with the application of solar energy sources and bundled links. A comprehensive solar energy model is described in the proposed network scenarios. Network performance in energy savings, connection blocking probability, resource utilization and bundled link usage are evaluated with dynamic network simulations. Results show that algorithms proposed aiming for reducing the dynamic part of the energy consumption of the network may raise the fixed part of the energy consumption meanwhile.

Flexible transport network expansion via open WDM interfaces

This paper presents a successful test-bed implementation of a multi-vendor transport network interconnection via open WDM interfaces. The concept of applying Alien Wave-lengths (AWs) for network expansion was successfully illustrated via deployment of multi-domain/multi-vendor end-to-end OTN services. We evaluate the impact of AW service establishment on both native and other alien services. Our experience confirms the technical feasibility of the concept in the context of transparent network-to-network interconnection at the optical layer. Furthermore, main operational challenges are discussed.

Experimental demonstration of multidimensional switching nodes for all-optical data centre networks

We experimentally demonstrate network nodes that enable SDM/WDM/TDM switching. 1 Tbit/s/core error-free performance is achieved for connections with different granularities being switched between three network nodes interconnected with 7-core multicore fibres.

100 Gbps IM/DD links using quad-polarization: Performance, complexity, and power dissipation.

A computational complexity, power consumption, and receiver sensitivity analysis for three different scenarios for short-range direct detection links is presented: 1) quad-polarization, 2) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and 3) parallel optics. Results show that the power consumption penalty associated to the quad-polarization digital signal processing (DSP) is negligibly small. However, the required analog to digital converters account for 47.6% of the total system power consumption. Transmission of 4×32 Gbps over 2 km standard single mode fiber is achieved with a receiver sensitivity of 4.4 dBm.

Energy savings in dynamic and resilient optical networks based on traffic-aware strategies

An analysis of the energy savings is presented when taking into account a complete traffic model for a one-year time period. Daily and weekly traffic fluctuations as well as yearly traffic growth are considered when analyzing the power consumption. Low power mode in optoelectronic devices (sleep-mode and rate adaptive capabilities) is implemented within a traffic-aware networking approach. The impact of dedicated 1:1 protection in a dynamic network scenario is considered and a comparison is made with the unprotected case. A GMPLS control plane is implemented and used to re-configure the power-adaptive devices and connections. Results show that symbol-rate adaptation provides high savings for unprotected scenarios (37% energy savings w.r.t. unprotected Baseline), while for the protected scenarios better results are obtained for modulation format adaptation which includes sleep-mode (57.1% energy savings w.r.t. protected Baseline). Moreover, compared to the Baseline scenarios the Mixed adaptation, combining both symbol-rate and modulation format, is the most power-efficient strategy providing 39% energy savings for unprotected scenario and 70% energy savings for dedicated protection scenario.