Anna Piccirillo

Enzymatic laundry for old clothes: immobilized alpha-amylase from Bacillus sp. for the biocleaning of an ancient Coptic tunic

The classification and conservation of ancient artworks (belonging to collections) is of important cultural, historical, and economic concern. However, ancient textiles often display structural damage that renders them fragile and unsuitable for exhibition. One of the most common types of damage is linked to erroneous restoration treatments, among which the application of glues to consolidate cuts. Harsh strategies, such as mechanical or chemical treatments, are not suitable since they can cause further impairment of the fabric, whereas mild approaches, like wet cleaning, are often ineffective, as also demonstrated by the present study. Here, we have explored the possibility of using gellan-immobilized enzymes of bacterial origin (Bacillus alpha-amylase) to obtain a satisfactory starch removal from a damaged archaeological tunic-shroud from the Turin Egyptian Museum (Italy), without altering the original yarns or textile fibers. This method, already applied to clean casein-damaged wall paintings, as well as cotton, silk, and linen fabrics, has proved to be optimal for the treatment of a wool burial shroud and to be able to definitively solve fragile textile restoration problems. Moreover, efforts have been made to obtain insights into the artwork: a multidisciplinary approach has allowed to obtain a correct chronological attribution (radiocarbon dating) and fabric fiber characterization (SEM-EDX) as well as shed light on the colored parts and dark stains (FORS+IRFC and XRF). Finally, the evaluation of the type of glue, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, has suggested the best enzyme for glue removal. These results have demonstrated that a mild bio-based approach is a successful tool for the treatment of archaeological textiles in critical conditions.

Short Communication: THE PAINTING MATERIALS IN A WORK OF THE FUTURIST ARTIST GIACOMO BALLA

Abstract The 1915 Giacomo Balla painting Grido dimostrazione in piazza del Quirinale has been studied in detail to investigate the artists materials. Radiographic analysis revealed the presence of a previous work underneath and thus the existence of a complex stratification of paint layers that make the data interpretation both complex and interesting. Pigments and binders have been identified in an attempt to find correlations with the composition of common commercial paint products available in the first decades of the 20th century. A representative stratigraphy from a complex area of the painting revealed important information about the technical execution of the painting executed on top of the original. This study is intended to increase the knowledge of the painting materials used by Balla and other Futurist artists.