Anna Stępniowska

A simple stripping voltammetric method for the determination of a new anticancer prodrug in serum

The determination of ethyl [4-oxo-8-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl]acetate (ETTA), a new anticancer prodrug, using adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) was described for the first time. This method is based on adsorptive/reductive behaviour of ETTA at an in situ plated bismuth film electrode (BiFE) as a sensor. A number of experimental variables (e.g., a composition and pH of the supporting electrolyte, the conditions of bismuth film deposition, an accumulation potential and time, the scan rate, etc.) were thoroughly studied in order to achieve a high sensitivity. Experimental results under optimized conditions revealed an excellent linear correlation between the monitored voltammetric peak current and the ETTA concentration in the range of 2-50μgL-1 following an accumulation time of 300s. The limit of detection (LOD) for ETTA following 300s of an accumulation time was 0.4μgL-1. The proposed facile, sensitive and inexpensive method was successfully applied to the determination of ETTA in serum. The investigated prodrug was extracted from serum using SPE method.

The effect of the source and dose of manganese on the performance, digestibility and distribution of selected minerals, redox, and immune status of turkeys

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various levels of manganese added to the diet of growing turkeys in the conventional form of MnO or in the form of NP‐Mn2O3 nanoparticles on growth performance, absorption, and accumulation of Mn, Zn, and Cu, and antioxidant and immune status. The experiment was conducted on 1080 one‐day‐old Hybrid Converter turkeys randomly assigned to 6 groups with 10 replications, in a two‐factor design with three dosages of manganese ‐ 100, 50, and 10 mg/kg, and two sources—manganese oxide (MnO) and manganese nanoparticles (NP‐Mn2O3). Neither reducing the addition of Mn from 100 to 50 or even 10 mg/kg of the diet nor replacing MnO with NP‐Mn2O3 had a negative effect on the growth performance of the turkeys. Replacing MnO with NP‐Mn2O3 in the turkey diet improved ileal digestibility of Mn and decreased accumulation of Cu in the liver and breast muscle. The study showed that irrespective of the form used, reducing the level of Mn supplementation of the diet from the 100 mg/kg recommended by British United Turkey to 50 or 10 mg/kg decreased its ileal digestibility and increased its accumulation in the liver, breast muscle, and skin. Reducing the addition of Mn to the turkey diet increased intestinal absorption of Zn and reduced accumulation of Zn and Cu in the liver, breast muscle, and skin. It did not increase oxidation processes in the liver or breast muscle of the turkeys. Reducing the addition of Mn to the turkey diet stimulated the immune system, which was manifested by stimulation of B cells to produce immunoglobulin M and by the release of the cytokine IL‐6, but did not intensify apoptosis. The results of the study indicate that the recommended manganese supplement in turkey diets can be reduced. The use of manganese nanoparticles in turkey feeding requires further study.

The effect of manganese nanoparticles on apoptosis and on redox and immune status in the tissues of young turkeys

The aim of the study was to determine whether the use of Mn nanoparticles would make it possible to reduce the level of this micronutrient added to turkey diets without adversely affecting growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, or apoptosis. The experiment was conducted on 6 groups of turkeys with 10 replications in a two-factor design with 3 dosages of manganese, 100, 50 and 10 mg/kg, and 2 sources, manganese oxide (MnO) and manganese nanoparticles (NP-Mn2O3). The study showed that irrespective of the form of Mn used, reducing the Mn level recommended by British United Turkeys for supplementation of the diet of young turkeys from 100 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg increases the content of this element in the blood with no adverse effect on growth performance or the immune system. The reduction in Mn supplementation in the form of NP-Mn2O3 from 100 to 50 and even to 10 mg/kg of turkey diet has no negative effect on antioxidant defence in young turkeys. A 50% reduction of the recommended Mn level in the form of MnO enhances lipid oxidation processes. Replacing MnO with NP-Mn2O3 in the turkey diet probably can increase apoptosis in young turkeys. On the other hand, irrespective of the form of Mn used, reducing supplementation of the turkey diet with this element from 100 to 50 and even to 10 mg/kg probably can reduce apoptosis.

The effect of administration of silver nanoparticles on the immune status of chickens

Abstract The purpose of the study was to verify the hypothesis that there are doses of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) that improve immune defence in chickens without compromising their health. To verify this hypothesis, an attempt was made to determine which doses of Ag-NPs (5 nm) consumed by chickens as a result of administration of hydrocolloids during varying time periods at a concentration of 5 or 10 mg Ag/l stimulate immune defence. The experiment was performed on 296 chickens assigned to 3 treatments. Chickens from the control treatment received drinking water without experimental additives. Chickens from the T-5 and T-10 treatments received a hydrocolloid of Ag-NPs at a concentration of 5 mg/l (treatment T-5) or 10 mg/l (treatment T-10) from their second week of life. Blood for analysis was collected at the age of 42 days from 8 birds per treatment. Ceruloplasmin (Cp), leukocyte count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin IL-6, immunoglobulins IgA, IgY, phagocytic cells (% PC), phagocytic index (PI), nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT), and lysozyme content in the blood was determined. Application of Ag-NPs at a concentration of 5 mg/l or 10 mg/l in the dose range of 2.87-12.25 mg/bird (administration of Ag-NPs in concentration 5 mg/l in weeks: 2; 2 and 3; 2 and 4; 2 and 5; 2 and 6 or concentration 10 mg/l in week 2) resulted in an immunostimulatory effect expressed as an increase in heterophil respiratory burst and an increased concentration of lysozyme. Higher doses of Ag-NPs exerted a pro-inflammatory effect, as indicated by elevated levels of IL-6 and ceruloplasmin, as well as a high ESR. They also stimulated B lymphocytes to produce IgA and IgA immunoglobulins.

Effect of aloe preparation and 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine on mineral composition of tissues of turkey hens subjected to stress

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the influence of aloe preparation and 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine on mineral composition of muscles and liver of turkey hens under conditions of stress. Groups C and C (+)stress were control that did not receive any additive. Birds from groups A and A (+)stress were administered aloe preparation in a dose of 0.70 ml/kg (BW)/day. Turkey hens from groups T and T (+)stress received 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine in a dose of 30 μg/kg BW/day. The applied stress factors did not affect the mineral composition of the analysed tissues of turkey hens. Administration of 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine caused a significant decrease in iron concentration and an increase in zinc concentration in thigh muscles and liver. In turn, aloe preparation contributed to an increase in tissue levels of calcium (except for shank muscles), zinc (in leg muscles and liver) and copper (in thigh muscles). A decrease in iron concentration in leg muscles and liver in birds supplemented with aloe preparation was also determined.