Anna Turska-Szybka

Crohn's disease should be considered in children with inflammatory oral lesions

This systematic review presents the oral manifestations of paediatric Crohns disease. Our review of 28 papers published from 2000 to 2015 showed that the prevalence of oral manifestations was 10–80%. Specific symptoms included mucosal tags, swelling of the lips, cheeks and gingiva, and cobblestoning mucosa. Nonspecific symptoms included aphthous‐like ulcers, angular cheilitis, lip fissuring and gingivitis.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Aetiology of Caries: Systematic Literature Review

Recent progress in the field of molecular biology and techniques of DNA sequence analysis allowed determining the meaning of hereditary factors of many common human diseases. Studies of genetic mechanisms in the aetiology of caries encompass, primarily, 4 main groups of genes responsible for (1) the development of enamel, (2) formation and composition of saliva, (3) immunological responses, and (4) carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to present current knowledge about the influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic variants on the occurrence of dental caries. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for papers on the influence of genetic factors connected with SNP on the occurrence of dental caries in children, teenagers, and adults. Thirty original papers written in English were included in this review. Study groups ranged from 30 to 13,000 subjects. SNPs were observed in 30 genes. Results of the majority of studies confirm the participation of hereditary factors in the aetiology of caries. Three genes, AMELX, AQP5, and ESRRB, have the most promising evidence based on multiple replications and data, supporting a role of these genes in caries. The review of the literature proves that SNP is linked with the aetiology of dental caries.

Salivary proteins and peptides in the aetiology of caries in children: Systematic literature review

BACKGROUND To assess the relationship of chosen salivary proteins and peptides levels with the occurrence of caries in children. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 2000 to 2018 were researched for original observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed regarding the guidelines by Fowkes and Fulton. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included in the review, from which the issue of glycoproteins (including immunoglobulins), AMPs and salivary enzymes was discussed. The research involved primary dentition (13 papers), as well as mixed (7) and permanent dentition (5). Caries assessment included visual inspection, dmft/s and DMFT/S indexed; quantity of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. bacteria; and caries risk assessment. DISCUSSION The results of studies regarding the connection between salivary peptides and proteins and caries development in children are promising; however, further investigations should be undertaken. The majority of studies included are case-control and cross-sectional; however, it is necessary to conduct more cohort studies with adequate follow-up prior to considering this as markers for caries risk assessment.

Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents During and After Antineoplastic Chemotherapy

OBJECTIVE To assess caries incidence, intensity, and treatment in children and adolescents under/after antineoplastic treatment. STUDY DESIGN Patients with permanent and mixed dentition were divided into three groups of 60 patients each (5-18 years): CH - under chemotherapy; PCH - after chemotherapy; CG - generally healthy subjects. Caries incidence, intensity (DMFT/dmft, DMFS/dmfs), and mean numbers of teeth/surfaces with white spot lesions-WSL (D1+2/d1+2) were assessed following the ICDAS-II criteria. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Mann-Whitney U test, significance at p≤0.05). RESULTS Caries incidence was significantly higher in PCH and CH (88.33% and 90%) than in CG (66.66%). Caries intensity was higher in both mixed and permanent dentition in patients under and after chemotherapy. The DMFS/DMFT correlation was the highest in PCH. Treatment indexes for primary and permanent teeth treatment were significantly lower in PCH and CH than CG. CONCLUSION Antineoplastic chemotherapy is associated with caries development and its high incidence during/after treatment. As dental hygiene was poor in patients under and after antineoplastic treatment, dental checkups need to be more frequent and thorough.

What do polish parents know about dental trauma and its management in children’s treatment? A questionnaire study

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge of Polish parents concerning traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and their management in children and to assess the influence of TDI experience on parents’ knowledge. Methods: A questionnaire study conducted from May 2014 to February 2015 involved 741 randomly selected individual parents of children aged 1–17 receiving treatment at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Medical University of Warsaw. The questionnaire consisted of 28 questions concerning TDI management. Results: The study included 600 questionnaires subjected to statistical analysis using a χ2 independence test and Spearman’s rank correlation (p < .05). Results show that 68% of parents have never received information about TDI management. As many as 80.5% were unaware of the possibility of immediate replantation of an avulsed tooth; over 60% would not be capable of choosing a suitable transport medium for such a tooth. Over 12% of TDI-experienced parents were unaware of a suitable transport medium for an avulsed tooth. Three times as many inexperienced parents as parents with TDI experience would place an avulsed tooth in saline solution. The independence test presented a strong correlation between parents’ education and their knowledge about TDI management. As many as 80% of parents assessed their knowledge about TDI as inadequate. Conclusions: It appears necessary to introduce programmes for parents to raise their level of awareness concerning this topic.

Dental caries severity and oral hygiene in Warsaw preschool children at high risk for caries

Results. Dmft was 7.20 ±5.33, dmfs 15.65 ±15.82, d1-2dmft 10.81 ±5.63, d1-2dmfs 20.84 ±16.56, including d1-2t and d1-2s dp – 3.59 ±2.86 and 5.14 ±4.51 respectively for 19.04 ±1.99 examined primary teeth. The main component of the indicators was the average number of teeth/tooth surfaces with caries (4.71 ±4.54/8.72 ±10.77 respectively). The average number of teeth/surface fillings amounted to 1.73 ±1.99 and 3.58 ±5.01; those lost due to the caries of 0.79 ±1.74 and 3.39 ±7.56. Treatment index amounted to 0.27 and DI-S to 1.1 ±0.57. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between dmft and dmfs, dt and ds, and the DI-S.

Caries pattern in three-year old preschool children

Background. Analysis of the results of epidemiological studies of Polish children showed that caries in children can occur very early, and their incidence and intensity increase with age. According to an epidemiological study, 53.8% children at the age of 3 reported an average of 2.4 tooth decay. There is insufficient information about the intensity of decay, the pattern of caries in primary dentition and the treatment undertaken in the group of 3-years-old children with tooth decay.

State of Dentition Among Twins Considering the Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors: The Systematic Review of the Literature

Twin pregnancies, the most common among multiple pregnancies, currently occur more frequently than 1 out of 100 cases. The studies of twins have a great significance, because they allow us to determine the influence of genetic and environmental factors in many physical and behavioral features or abnormalities. This is possible because monozygotic twins share 100% of their genome, while dizygotic twins share only a part of it, but they usually have a common developmental environment. Better concordance of a specific feature presence among monozygotic twins may provide a bigger influence of the genetic component. On the other hand, no significant difference between monoand dizygotic twins suggests the influence of the environmental component. The systematic review of the following articles presents issues of oral health in twins, taking the possible genetic and environmental factors into account. Thirty-three original papers, concerning children and teenagers, as well as adults, were included in the review. The article presents the issues of mineralized tissues diseases – caries, erosions, hypoplasia, problems of occlusion development and occlusion defects, periodontal issues, parafunctions (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 4, 510–523).

Xylitol Content in Dental Care and Food Products Available on the Polish Market and Their Significance in Caries Prevention

Caries pertains to most of the Polish community and is associated with a high intake of sucrose and monosaccharides. Their non-cariogenic analogue is xylitol – equally sweet as sucrose, but not metabolized by the majority of bacteria existing in the oral cavity. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the content of xylitol in dental care and food products available on the Polish market and their significance in caries prevention. The products were selected based on the literature, informational leaflets and information from manufacturers. The toothpastes and gels taken into consideration contain up to 25% xylitol, mouth rinses – 25%, dental care sprays – 35%, chewing gum – 66–67% and candies – 96%. A large number of dental care and food products recommended in caries prevention contain xylitol in diverse concentrations. If caries-producing sugars are replaced with non-cariogenic sugar alcohols, the frequency of caries may be diminished. On one hand, xylitol, as an acknowledged anti-carious agent, is included in many caries-prevention programs, in precise concentrations and regularly used, on the other hand – there is a lack of EBM (Evidence-Based Medicine) data indicating the effectiveness of xylitol, apart from those pertaining to fluoride toothpastes with the addition of xylitol. It is emphasized that more detailed trials are necessary to answer the question whether it is xylitol that is relevant in caries prevention or the alteration of habits – lessened sucrose intake or its complete substitution with a sweetener and the act of chewing, which stimulates salivation (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 4, 542–550).

Music in the Dental Office – Preferences of Budapest Inhabitants

Background. It is believed that listening to music can have a positive influence on stress reduction prior to medical procedures. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess music preferences among dental patients in Budapest. Material and Methods. The research involved examination of 104 patients with the use of an anonymous survey which consisted of 8 questions concerning: age, sex, subjective evaluation of anxiety prior to dental treatment and overall evaluation of music significance. Afterward, the participants were asked to select a type of music they are most likely to listen to during dental treatment and to specify if they would choose headphones or not. The questionnaire was drawn up in two language versions: Hungarian and English. Results. The choices made by women and men were not significantly different. Women chose classical music (43.33%), pop music (25%) and the sounds of nature (18.33%) as the most likely to listen to while being treated by a dentist. Men’s answers were more differentiated: 25% of male responders indicated classical music and rock music, pop music – 20.45%, the newest hits – 18.18%, hip hop and soundtracks – 15.91% respectively. A comparable number of men and women would prefer silence during the dental appointment. The majority of the respondents, regardless of their gender, declared they would prefer to listen to music from the speakers. Conclusions. The appropriate selection of music and the way of listening to it may significantly contribute to a patient-friendly atmosphere at the dentist’s office. Patients whose anxiety is reduced by the application of audio analgesia may return to a given office more eagerly and their treatment might be more effective (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 1, 111–117).