Anne de Bruin

A Gender-Aware Framework for Women's Entrepreneurship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a new gender‐aware framework to provide a springboard for furthering a holistic understanding of womens entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds on an existing framework articulating the “3Ms” (markets, money and management) required for entrepreneurs to launch and grow ventures. Drawing on institutional theory, it is argued that this “3M” framework needs further development and “motherhood” and “meso/macro environment” are added to extend and mediate the “3Ms” and construct a “5M” framework to enable the study of womens entrepreneurship in its own right.Findings – It was found that “Motherhood” is a metaphor representing the household and family context of female entrepreneurs, which might have a larger impact on women than men. The meso/macro environment captures considerations beyond the market, such as expectations of society and cultural norms (macro), and intermediate structures and institutions (meso).Practical implications – ...

Reconsidering capitalism: the promise of social innovation and social entrepreneurship?:

This special edition explores and analyses the complexities and possibilities of social enterprise and social innovation. While these related concepts have been subject to considerable research, policy and practitioner attention, detailed empirical studies of the processes involved, the impact of social enterprises, the effects of social innovations and the motivations of social entrepreneurs, and those with whom they partner, are rare. The articles which follow present fresh evidence to provide contemporary insights into: the role of risk in shaping the effectiveness of social enterprises; the mediating function of not-for-profit organisations in the process of social innovation; the relevance of local embeddedness and sociocultural context; and the practice of social entrepreneurship within fluctuating and difficult environmental circumstances. These articles provide convincing examinations of and insights into social enterprise and social innovation which, at times, challenge dominant state within the ‘mainstream’ entrepreneurship discourse. Individually, they offer recommendations for future research and collectively, identify a research agenda for developing knowledge about social entrepreneurship and social innovation.

Toward enriching united career theory: familial entrepreneurship and copreneurship

This paper explores the overlapping domains of business/firm and family. Suggests that the descriptor of “joint careers” is preferable to that of symbiotic careers. Describes what we term the primary career and auxiliary career which often go to make up a joint career. Both strands of career are a prerequisite for the resilience and success of the family business. The example of youth entrepreneurship is dealt with to show the possibility of an inversion of the traditional roles with the parents’ career becoming ancillary to that of their offspring. Empirical observations from New Zealand are drawn on to illustrate our discussion. It is hoped that ideas discussed in this paper will aid the understandings of further dimensions and properties of the “thread” of the theory of the boundaryless career and help move forward the research agenda on the united career trajectory.

Entrepreneurship: New Perspectives in a Global Age

Introduction - concepts and themes, Anne de Bruin, Ann Dupuis constrained entrepreneurship, Anne de Bruin, Ann Dupuis ethical entrepreneurship, Chris Moore, Anne de Bruin entrepreneurial capital, Patrick Firkin electronic entrepreneurship, Anne de Bruin familial entrepreneurship, Patrick Firkin, Ann Dupuis, Anne de Bruin community entrepreneurship, Ann Dupuis, Anne de Bruin municipal-community entrepreneurship, Ann Dupuis, Anne de Bruin, Rolf Cremer state entrepreneurship, Anne de Bruin indigenous entrepreneurship, Anne de Bruin, Peter Mataira elder entrepreneurship, Anne de Bruin, Patrick Firkin youth entrepreneurship, Kate Lewis, Claire Massey.

A bounded rationality framework for property investment behaviour

This paper attempts to explain the motivations of residential rental property investors in New Zealand in terms of the behavioural assumption of bounded rationality. Commencing with a rejection of the more standard neo‐classical economics view of rationality as an explanation of investment behaviour, the paper seeks to both examine the extent to which bounded rationality applies to the investment behaviour encountered and to elaborate on that behaviour. The discussion is underpinned by the findings of a postal survey of a large nationwide sample of private residential rental property owners, and is directly based on a study of a smaller sample of investors using in‐depth interview techniques. Qualitative analysis overlays the quantitative data, to enable better exploration of the constraints within which individual investors operate.

Multi-Level Entrepreneurship in the Creative Industries New Zealand's Screen Production Industry

This paper situates the context for entrepreneurship in the creative industries sector in New Zealand. Setting promotion of the creative industries against an overarching national context of the governments Growth and Innovation Framework, the focus of the paper is the screen production industry, mainly the film industry. Buoyed by The Lord of the Rings –The Return of the Kings Oscar success and other acclaim, the industry appears to be surfing high waves, making it an interesting case to examine. Commencing with delineation of the nature of entrepreneurship in the creative sector, the discussion continues within an integrative multi-level entrepreneurship framework.This paper situates the context for entrepreneurship in the creative industries sector in New Zealand. Setting promotion of the creative industries against an overarching national context of the governments Growth and Innovation Framework, the focus of the paper is the screen production industry, mainly the film industry. Buoyed by The Lord of the Rings –The Return of the Kings Oscar success and other acclaim, the industry appears to be surfing high waves, making it an interesting case to examine. Commencing with delineation of the nature of entrepreneurship in the creative sector, the discussion continues within an integrative multi-level entrepreneurship framework.

Exploring the link between obesity and advertising in New Zealand

This paper reviews the debate on the causes and potential solutions to growing obesity and whether there is a proven correlation with advertising, particularly among children. The paper first considers this debate from the context of the burgeoning literature on this topic. The findings from an empirical study with parents of primary‐age children in New Zealand are then presented. However, any kind of proposed relationship between obesity and advertising tends to be as much emotive as evidential, with for‐and‐against camps lined up to defend entrenched positions. However, it does seem fair to argue that, while advertising does present a problem in relation to food selection choice, many other issues, such as peer pressure, quality of life, in‐school food services, nearby retail outlets and social class criteria, exacerbate the problem. Thus, easy solutions based on insufficient evidence that have failed to substantiate causal effects between advertising (ostensibly) directed at children and nutrition can be seen as inequitable and, thus, ineffective in their intended aims. Although here the paper considers the problem from a New Zealand perspective, the findings may have implications for research elsewhere in the world.

Entrepreneurial Women and Private Capital: The New Zealand Perspective

Purpose – To explore the demand and supply of private capital for successful women entrepreneurs in New Zealand. To obtain and interpret fine-grained information in order to mitigate the research gap on growth finance for women-led businesses in New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach – Multiple approaches for data collection and analysis. Includes interviews with key decision makers in the private capital industry and an e-mail survey of venture capitalists (supply-side) and the narrated experiences of women entrepreneurs (demand-side). Findings – Quantifies the degree of womens current participation in the venture capital (VC) industry and delineates key considerations in the private capital investment decision-making process. Confirms the absence of overt gender discrimination in the VC market but draws attention to the presence of other – some of which are more hidden – considerations which affect mobilisation of private capital by women entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications – Highlights that a combination of supply-side (private capital) and demand-side (entrepreneurs) influences, as well as country-specific structural and policy factors, needs to be considered when seeking explanations for the lower incidence of private capital to women business owners. Originality/value – Mitigates the large research gap on womens entrepreneurship in New Zealand and supplements the literature on the private capital and womens business nexus. Signals the importance of policy considerations in growing the role of private capital.(Publication abstract)

Women Entrepreneurs and the Global Environment for Growth

Contents: 1. Introduction: Women Entrepreneurs and Growth Candida G. Brush, Anne de Bruin, Elizabeth J. Gatewood and Colette Henry PART I: CONTEXTUAL FACTORS 2. Marc Cowling 3. Gry Alsos, Ragnhild Steen Jensen and Elisabet Ljunggren 4. Annu Kotiranta, Anne Kovalainen and Petri Rouvinen 5. Lorna Treanor and Colette Henry 6. Friederike Welter and David Smallbone 7. Haya Al-Dajani and Sara Carter 8. Vartuhi Tonoyan, Michelle Budig and Robert Strohmeyer PART II: GROWTH STRATEGIES AND ENABLERS 9. Jennifer Jennings, Karen Hughes and Devereaux Jennings 10. Eleanor Shaw, Sara Carter and Wing Lam 11. Frances Hill, Claire Leitch and Richard Harrison 12. Kim Klyver and Siri Terjesen 13. Rodney Farr-Wharton and Yvonne Brunetto 14. Maura McAdam and Susan Marlow 15. Barbara Orser and Joanne Leck 16. Jill Kickul, Mark Griffiths, Lisa Gundry and Tatiana Iakovleva 17. Karin Aeirec, Polona Tominc and Miroslav Rebernik Index

Managing non-standard work arrangements: choices and constraints

Non-standard work lacks the predictability of standard employment arrangements and relationships. As a result, it requires a different approach as workers self-manage their working environment and rhythm. This article explores the self-management and self-policing strategies of a group of skilled and professional non-standard workers in New Zealand. The issues that are related to managing time (including time-off), space and the home–work nexus are explored via an examination of such strategies as temporal and spatial marking, switching, defending and intruding. These help structure work-related tasks, and how these tasks intersect with non-work spaces and activities, although with varying degrees of success.