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Dive into the research topics where Anne Gerd Imenes is active.

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Featured researches published by Anne Gerd Imenes.


Applied Optics | 2006

Flat-topped broadband rugate filters

Anne Gerd Imenes; David R. McKenzie

A method of creating rugate interference filters that have flat-topped reflectance across an extended spectral region is presented. The method applies known relations from the classical coupled wave theory to develop a set of equations that gives the spatial frequency distribution of rugate cycles to achieve constant reflectance across a given spectral region. Two examples of the application of this method are discussed: a highly reflective coating for eye protection against harmful laser radiation incident from normal to 45 degrees , and a spectral beam splitter for efficient solar power conversion.


photovoltaic specialists conference | 2011

Development of a test station for accurate in situ I-V curve measurements of photovoltaic modules in Southern Norway

Anne Gerd Imenes; Georgi Hristov Yordanov; Ole-Morten Midtgård; Tor Oskar Saetre

The development of an outdoor test station for accurate in situ I-V curve measurements of photovoltaic (PV) modules is described. The modules are installed in an open-rack configuration at the University of Agder in Southern Norway. Seven new and three aged PV modules of different type and make are being tested, including mono-and multicrystalline silicon from differing manufacturing routes, triple-junction amorphous silicon, and CIS. Data acquisition is controlled with a multichannel electronic load system and LabVIEW software, recording high-resolution I-V curves at one-minute intervals. Between I-V curve sweeps, each module is operated at the maximum power point. Characteristic electrical parameters are extracted and stored together with values of module temperatures and in-plane solar irradiance, the latter recorded at sub-second resolution. The paper describes the experimental set-up in more detail, discusses some local environmental effects, and presents a sample of test results.


photovoltaic specialists conference | 2011

Contributions to the knowledge base on PV performance: Evaluation of the operation of PV systems using different technologies installed in southern Norway

Hans Georg Beyer; Georgi Hristov Yordanov; Ole-Morten Midtgård; Tor Oskar Saetre; Anne Gerd Imenes

To assist in establishing an accepted knowledge base on PV-modules and systems performance using a representative range of technologies, devices have to be installed at diverse locations, covering a broad range of environmental conditions. For the example of a high latitude location, modules and systems are installed and under investigation in southern Norway (Kristiansand region) by the University of Agder in cooperation with industrial partners. This paper presents first results of the analysis of module performance. The operational behavior of the modules is used to derive a modeling scheme applicable for performance prediction. This use is demonstrated by giving the expected annual performance of different module technologies for a set of sites in southern Norway.


photovoltaic specialists conference | 2015

Performance of grid-connected PV system in Southern Norway

Anne Gerd Imenes; Hans Georg Beyer; Kjetil Boysen; Jan Ove Odden; Rolf Erlend Grundt

This paper presents performance results from one of the first grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems in Norway. The 45 kWp system is mounted on top of a flat roof at the headquarters of a local utility company, Agder Energi, in the coastal town of Kristiansand. The system consists mainly of multi-crystalline silicon modules, with one thin film array. The system has been in operation since May 2011 and is instrumented for research and monitoring purposes. Data recorded include global and diffuse horizontal irradiation, tilted irradiation and other weather parameters, PV module temperatures, DC and AC current and voltage for three arrays, in addition to inverter power data and voltage quality measurements. Similar performance data has not yet been published for Norway. The results so far indicate good conditions for solar utilization at this location with global horizontal irradiation around 1065 W/(m2yr) and around 50 % diffuse fraction. The system produces as expected from a design perspective, with specific yield reaching 950 kWh/kWp and PR approaching 0.8 in 2014. Improvement in PR is seen as operational experience increases and system downtime is reduced. PR loss can be attributed to part-shading of PV arrays from the surrounding building structures, snow coverage in winter and inverter outages.


international symposium on advanced topics in electrical engineering | 2015

Review on photovoltaic based active generator

Aimie Nazmin Azmi; Mohan Kolhe; Anne Gerd Imenes

An active generator has the capacity to support frequency control and instantaneous power balance. The grid operator adjusts the power dispatch of generators according to power demand fluctuations. Photovoltaic (PV) based active generators can be used as load following generators in the same manner as other power dispatch generators. This new type of distribution system, based on active generator(s), needs new innovative management and operation strategies for increasing the penetration of intermittent renewable energy systems. The considered PV based active generator has three units, i.e., PV array, battery storage and super capacitor. In this review paper, the management and operation approaches of PV based active generators are discussed.


photovoltaic specialists conference | 2016

Performance of zero energy homes in smart village skarpnes

Anne Gerd Imenes

In Smart Village Skarpnes in southern Norway, five detached houses are designed as zero energy homes. This work reports on the photovoltaic (PV) power production and energy consumption behavior of these homes and discusses whether an annual zero energy budget may be achieved. Results so far indicate that the extremely low annual energy consumption assumed for these types of homes may be difficult to achieve, and also point at a need for better matching between production and consumption power profiles. Performance results are based on monitoring data combined with estimated performances from PVsyst simulations. The work is part of a larger research project that investigates how the introduction of low-energy buildings equipped with PV systems is expected to change the power flow to and from the grid, which will require new models for efficient operation and investment in the future electric distribution grid.


2013 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CEAT) | 2013

On-grid residential development with photovoltaic systems in Southern Norway

Aimie-Nazmin Azmi; Mohan Lal Kohle; Anne Gerd Imenes

The application of residential photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasing rapidly worldwide. In Southern Norway, a group of on-grid smart houses with embedded PV systems, solar thermal collectors, and geothermal heat pumps are under development at Skarpnes. In this paper, performance analysis based on simulations of an on-grid residential house with PV system located at Skarpnes is presented. This project is expected to demonstrate zero energy and zero emission housing in Norway. This paper discusses a theoretical study of home energy consumption with electricity production for a single house from a PV system, including simulations of irradiation conditions and tilt angles, and of the PV systems levelized energy cost compared with average grid energy price. The results show that an annual zero-energy budget for electrical needs could be achieved, and that under certain assumptions the system may be economically feasible.


photovoltaic specialists conference | 2016

3D solar maps for the evaluation of building integrated photovoltaics in future city districts: A norwegian case study

Anne Gerd Imenes; Jouri Kanters

Three-dimensional (3D) solar maps based on Radiance simulations are presented for a future city district in southern Norway. The surface mapping method provides the commercial developer with a practical tool to evaluate the potential for building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The solar maps identify the optimum roof and facade areas available for solar energy utilization. The importance of BIPV and facade utilization in new city developments is discussed, along with key questions raised by the commercial developer regarding the practical implementation of BIPV solutions. Based on feedback from the building industry, a simplified model has been implemented to evaluate surface areas producing a profit or a loss over the PV system lifetime. As tilted photovoltaic (PV) modules installed on flat roofs are not building integrated, three simulation variants have been performed for flat roofs with a small inclination up to ten degrees. For some buildings this will give a small gain in annual PV production and payback time. The resulting 3D solar maps give the developer a possibility to review early-stage plans in terms of building shapes and positions in the landscape, in order to maximize utilization of the available solar resource. This enables cost- and energy-efficient development of nearly zero-energy buildings in future city districts.


photovoltaic specialists conference | 2016

Performance of BIPV and BAPV installations in Norway

Anne Gerd Imenes

The research community and stakeholders in the building sector seek information on the performance and reliability of PV systems in the built environment and the best solutions for maximum energy production. This paper presents results from collected information on a representative selection of existing building integrated (BIPV) and building applied (BAPV) photovoltaic systems in Norway. The work is part of a national project that aims at developing robust BIPV-solutions suitable for a Norwegian climate. The project also aims at identifying the main building-technical and architectural integration challenges for BIPV. A questionnaire has been developed to interview key personnel involved in the design, installation and operational phases, and a database is under development to build a wider knowledge base for the expected performances of different system types and geographical locations. Performance is evaluated in terms of energy production, specific yield, and performance ratio (PR) in cases where irradiation data is available. Data collected so far indicate a relatively large spread in annual specific yield with typical values in the 700-900 kWh/kWp range. A well-functioning system without significant shading may achieve PR above 0.85, in agreement with similar findings for Europe. Five selected cases are presented in more detail. The lessons learned provide useful input for the development of new guidelines and system requirements for BIPV in a nordic climate.


Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells | 2004

Spectral beam splitting technology for increased conversion efficiency in solar concentrating systems: a review

Anne Gerd Imenes; David R. Mills

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Ole-Morten Midtgård

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

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D. Buie

University of Sydney

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