Anne U. White

Drawers of Water: Domestic Water Use in East Africa

This document which is a chapter reprinted from a book originally published in 1972 focuses on the total social costs of improvements on water supply for the prevention of infections. It notes that particular water-multiplied infections and diseases with water-related insect vectors are local problems and can best be overcome by particular local solutions. However some improvements are so costly that they are not feasible in certain environments and the health benefits from a given improvement will also vary with the environment. In this perspective seven model East African habitats are considered in detail; two are urban three are rural with dispersed settlement and two more are rural nucleated settlements. These models include urban high density low and medium density urban dispersed semiarid dispersed highland humid dispersed lowland humid nucleated semiarid and nucleated humid. Health costs are measured on an arbitrary centile scale and are conceived as aggregating the costs of morbidity mortality currently available treatment and economic loss.

Women, Water, And Sanitation: Household Behavioral Patterns In Two Egyptian Villages

Abstract Understanding the behavior patterns of women in rural households regarding water and sanitation may be the key to solving the problem of why improvements in facilities may not be accompanied by a reduction in disease prevalence. An interdisciplinary team surveyed 312 households in two Egyp tian delta villages, examining46 of them in depth, with participant observation. Their patterns of storing water, and its use for drinking, cooking, washing, animal rearing and waste disposal are rooted in the womans beliefs regarding cleanliness and what enhances the health and well-being of herfamily The local environment of surface and groundwater availability, quality andavailable drainage affect her choices. Otherfactors include local government institutions, available technology, information and educational facilities. time and energy expended on various practices, and social values held by the women and the community The women suggest practical solutions for their water and sanitation problems such as c...

Potable Water for All: The Egyptian Experience with Rural Water Supply

ABSTRACT Egypt during 1952–1960 achieved a more rapid and proportionately larger improvement in potable water supply for its rural population than any other developing country. The way in which this was done laid the groundwork for later difficulties in maintenance and extension of services. Similar problems arose in the Fayoum project in 1953–1964. A program for basic village services initiated in 1979 applied some of the lessons learned in the earlierprogram, but raised new environmental issues. The early change in water service was not followed by striking reductions in prevalence of childhood disease.