Annelies Goethals

Polyamide 6.9 nanofibres electrospun under steady state conditions from a solvent/non-solvent solution

Nanofibres can be processed into several high-end applications due to their unique characteristics, especially when based on a diversity of polymers with specific properties. This, however, requires that the nanofibrous structures are produced in a highly reproducible way. The article gives focus to polyamide (PA) 6.9, a less exploited PA though with interesting properties such as a very low moisture absorption. To trace and understand the dominant parameters that allow for the aimed reproducible characteristics, the influence of the solution parameters on the steady state behaviour during electrospinning as well as the resultant fibre morphology is followed by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show a significant effect of the amount of non-solvent acetic acid, added to the solvent formic acid, on the steady state behaviour and the fibre morphology. The non-solvent acetic acid broadens the steady state window by making the electrospin solutions more suitable to obtain uniform and reproducible nanofibrous structures with a narrow nanofibre diameter distribution. The mixture of the solvent formic acid and the non-solvent acetic acid strongly contributes to the future potentials of PA 6.9 nanofibres, with its leading to a smaller fibre distribution and moreover highly reproducible in time.

Structure changes and water filtration properties of electrospun polyamide nanofibre membranes

Nanofibre membranes are studied extensively in water treatment. Inappropriate storage, however, could alter their performance, e.g. regarding water filtration. This shows the need for investigating this effect in more detail so as to offer a solution for long-term behaviour and stability. In this study, polyamide nanofibre membranes were treated under different conditions, simulating the diverse storage conditions and to simulate their use in water filtration systems. Under all these different settings, nanofibre properties (scanning electron microscope pictures, dimensional changes, tensile strength) and water filtration performance (clean water permeability (CWP), bacterial removal) were investigated. The results demonstrate that, as soon as the dimensional change of a membrane is >2%, the CWP, tensile strength and bacterial removal significantly decrease. These dimensional changes occurred when the membrane became dry after it had been in contact with water. As such, it is important to keep the membrane either in dry or in wet conditions to store its unique properties. When heat-treated, the membrane had a higher tensile strength and kept its morphology and characteristics better during storage.