Annette L. Rizer

ATB Model Simulation of a Rollover Accident with Occupant Ejection

Computer simulations of occupant dynamics are ideal for conducting parametric studies evaluating injury countermeasures. A rollover accident was selected from the National Accident Sampling System (NASS) for simulation to validate the Articulated Total Body (ATB) models capability to predict occupant dynamics during rollover accidents and to gain insight into injury mechanisms. Simulation of both the driver and the passenger occupants which may be used in future countermeasure studies were performed. In the selected accident, a pickup truck rolled multiple times, the belted driver had minor injuries, the unrestrained passenger was ejected with fatal injuries. The body properties for both occupants were obtained using the Generator of Body Data (GEBOD) program based on their weights, heights and sexes. The simulation successfully predicted the passengers ejection and the drivers minimal impacts. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 882390.

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN ARTICULATING JOINT MODEL PARAMETERS FOR CRASH DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS

The objective of this study was to develop, implement, and validate the human articulating joint model parameters for crash dynamics simulations. Measured human joint data were used to model the elbow, knee, shoulder, hip, and ankle joints, resulting in detailed joint stop contours and resistive torque properties. Simulation results, including graphics and various response time histories were compared with results of human volunteer sled tests. In spite of needed improvements, this preliminary validation shows that the articulated total body model with the developed joint parameters predicts both major features of the human motion and biodynamic responses very well in frontal impacts. The new joint model parameters offer many improvements over previous joint properties. Language: en

PICKUP TRUCK ROLLOVER ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION USING THE ATB MODEL

To demonstrate the Articulated Total Body (ATB) models capability to predict complex rollover accidents, a rollover accident was selected from the National Accident Sampling System (NASS) and simulated. This paper focuses on the simulation of the vehicles dynamics which can in turn be used to specify the vehicle motion for occupant simulations. The selected accident case involved a pickup truck, crashing at high speed and completing three rolls. The simulation results compared well with the accident description and diagrams in the NASS report. The study demonstrates that the ATB model can be used to provide a reasonable prediction of the vehicles motion during a rollover accident using the data available in the NASS report. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 882390.

Comparison of Measured and Predicted Human Whole-Body Inertial Properties

Critical in vehicle crash simulations, human body data sets include mass, moments of inertia (MOIs), and ellipsoid size for each body segment, and location and resistive torque properties for each joint. The Generator of Body Data (GEBOD) program generates these human data sets for use in multibody programs. The objective of this study was to validate GEBOD estimates by directly measuring whole-body inertial properties of 69 volunteers and comparing the results with values calculated by the Articulated Total Body (ATB) model using GEBOD data sets. While the predicted whole-body center of gravity (CG) averaged within 1 cm of the measured values in the horizontal direction, vertically the errors were much larger. The predicted principal MOI were consistently 5%-30% lower than the measured values.