Anshita Agarwal

An Epidemiological Study on Pattern and Incidence of Mandibular Fractures

Mandible is the second most common facial fracture. There has been a significant increase in the number of cases in recent years with the advent of fast moving automobiles. Mandibular fractures constitute a substantial proportion of maxillofacial trauma cases in Lucknow. This study was undertaken to study mandibular fractures clinicoradiologically with an aim to calculate incidence and study pattern and the commonest site of fractures in population in and around Lucknow. Patient presenting with history of trauma at various centers of maxillofacial surgery in and around Lucknow were included in this study. Detailed case history was recorded followed by thorough clinical examination, and radiological interpretation was done for establishing the diagnosis and the data obtained was analyzed statistically. Out of 66 patients with mandibular fractures, highest percentage was found in 21–30 years of age with male predominance. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of fracture with parasymphysis being commonest site. Commonest combination was parasymphysis with subcondyle. There was no gender bias in etiology with number of fracture sites. The incidence and causes of mandibular fracture reflect trauma patterns within the community and can provide a guide to the design of programs geared toward prevention and treatment.

Efficacy of aloe vera gel as an adjuvant treatment of oral submucous fibrosis

OBJECTIVE Definitive therapy is not defined for the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). This study evaluated the efficacy of aloe vera gel as an adjuvant treatment of OSMF. STUDY DESIGN A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 subjects with OSMF divided into medicinal treatment (submucosal injection of hyaluronidase and dexamethasone, n = 30) and surgical treatment (n = 30) categories. Each category was randomly divided into groups A (with aloe vera, n = 15 per category) and B (without aloe vera, n = 15 per category). Follow-up assessment for various symptoms was performed, and results were analyzed using paired and unpaired Student t tests. RESULTS The group receiving aloe vera had a significant improvement in most symptoms of OSMF (P < .01) compared with the non-aloe vera group, in both the medicinal and surgical categories. CONCLUSIONS Aloe vera gel was effective as an adjuvant in treatment of OSMF.

An Immature Type II Dens Invaginatus in a Mandibular Lateral Incisor with Talon's Cusp: A Clinical Dilemma to Confront

Dens invaginatus (DI) is a malformation of teeth probably resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development. DI is classified as type I, II, and III by Oehlers depending on the severity of malformation. The maxillary lateral incisor is the most commonly affected tooth. Structural defects do exist in the depth of the invagination pits, and as a consequence, the early development of caries and the subsequent necrosis of the dental pulp, as well as abscess and cyst formation are clinical implications associated with DI. Occasionally, we can see more than one developmental anomaly occurring in a single tooth. In such cases it becomes important to identify the anomalies and initiate a proper treatment plan for good prognosis. In this paper, an unusual case of DI which clinically presented as a huge talons cusp affecting a mandibular lateral incisor tooth is described. This case report illustrates grinding of the talons cusp followed by nonsurgical endodontic management of dens invaginatus type II with an immature apex and periapical lesions, in which Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) shows a complete periapical healing with bone formation at the site of the lesions.

The interrelationship of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour and dentigerous cyst: a report of a rare case and review of the literature.

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively uncommon lesion which mainly affects females in their second decade of life, exhibiting predilection for the anterior region of the maxilla. The lesion is usually associated with the crown of an enclosed tooth, most commonly the maxillary canine. In this paper we present a case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor associated with a dentigerous cyst affecting the left maxilla in a 15-year-old female. We also discuss clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and therapeutic features of the case.

A Case of Unifocal Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Mandible in an Adult Female: A Case Report

Eosinophilic granuloma of bone is a disease with an incidence of one new case per 350,000 to 2 million per year, which is an uncommon disease of maxillofacial region, and presents in more than 90% in children under the age of ten with predominance for males. As a result, eosinophilic granuloma of the jaw is always unconsidered in the differential diagnosis of similar lesions by many clinicians. It is difficult to make a correct diagnosis on it without proof of a pathological diagnosis, which correlates with the diverse clinical and radiographic presentations of eosinophilic granuloma in the jaws. In the present paper we report a rare case of unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of mandible occurring in an adult female.

Phytostimulatory effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on rice seedling growth: An insight from antioxidative enzyme activities and gene expression patterns.

The knowledge on the mode of action, biocompatibility and ecological tolerance of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is gradually accumulating over the years with contradictory findings. Most of the studies indicated the toxic impact of AgNPs on plant growth and development, where induction of oxidative stress was considered to be one of the causal factors. The present study demonstrates the phytostimulatory effect of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) during seed germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Swarna) under in vitro condition. All the tested concentrations of AgNPs (10, 20, 40 ppm) promote both the shoot and root growth which was evident from the increased length and biomass of the seedlings. Exposure to AgNPs also significantly increased the chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents. The content and the pattern of distribution of phenolic metabolites among the different treatments are indicative of non-toxic impact of AgNP mimicking mild or no stress to the seedlings. Growth stimulation of rice seedlings by AgNPs was further supported by a low level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concomitant with decreased amount of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content, compared to control. In order to unravel the stimulatory impact of AgNPs on rice seedling growth, the present study also describes the AgNPs induced changes in antioxidative enzyme activity and related gene expression levels. Elevated levels of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were recorded in all the AgNPs treated seedlings with improved growth. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was not significantly altered at low concentration of AgNPs. It appears that enzymes of ascorbate cycle, APX and GR are more active in ensuring protection against oxidative damage than SOD. There was significant up-regulation of CAT and APX gene expressions in seedlings exposed to AgNPs, whereas the expression level of CuZnSOD gene was decreased gradually with an increase in the concentration of AgNPs. The antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns coupled with the levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation indicates that the efficiency of redox reactions was increased in the presence of AgNPs and that accelerates the seedling growth.

A Huge Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor of Maxilla

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a benign, nonneoplastic (hamartomatous) lesion with a slow progressing growth. It occurs in both intraosseous and peripheral forms. This paper reports the case of a female aged 16 years who presented with a swelling in anterior maxilla; canine was missing, and a supernumerary tooth was present in the mid line. Radiology revealed a well-defined radiolucent area associated with impacted canine and root resorption of adjacent teeth, which was diagnosed histopathologically as AOT. The patient was treated surgically and later rehabilitated with fixed prosthesis.

Integrated active antennas

In the present scenario of increase in demand by the system designers for the implementation of more complex functions in the reduced space, there is an increase in the demand for the active integrated microstrip patch antennas with reduced size and weight. This paper first gives an overview of integrated antenna technology. The miniaturisation of the resonant microstrip patch antenna is accomplished by analyzing the effect of number of shorting posts and finite ground plane on the radiation characteristics. The design of an integrated active circulator antenna, realized using FETs with lumped circuit elements, is also presented. This design is amenable to monolithic implementation due to the planar nature. Ferrite circulator needed for duplexer is avoided by a hybrid active circulator. The integrated active circulator antenna offers the advantages of low cost, simplicity of design and small size. These antennas are seen as promising candidates for miniaturized land, mobile, personal communication systems and also could find applications in airborne antenna systems.

Artificial Lighting System for Plant Growth and Development: Chronological Advancement, Working Principles, and Comparative Assessment

The presence of favorable light environment is pivotal for optimal plant growth and development. Spatiotemporal deficits of natural light limit the plant productivity which results in poor quantitative and qualitative yield. In order to mitigate the situation, electrical lamps have been chosen as a reliable source of light for indoor cultivation. Over the years, various conventional light sources including incandescent lamps (ILs), fluorescent lamps (FLs), high-pressure mercury lamps (HPMLs), high-pressure sodium lamps (HPSLs), and metal-halide lamps (MHLs) have been employed for plant lighting in greenhouses and controlled environment cultivation facilities. However, these light sources suffer from certain drawbacks such as fixed spectral output, high-power requirement, emission of heat, and short life span. Invention of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has changed the scenario for artificial lighting in all fields of application due to the numerous advanced features as compared to the conventional light sources. Emission spectrum and light intensity of LED panels can be tuned to match the light requirement of the plant species being grown. Low power consumption and long life span make LED lamps the ideal choice for plant lighting in small- and large-scale operations. Low heat emission, small size, and ease of handling add to the merits of LEDs.

Influence of LED Lighting on In Vitro Plant Regeneration and Associated Cellular Redox Balance

Light spectral quality, irradiation level in terms of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photoperiod have a profound influence on the morphogenesis and growth of plants. In recent years, the application of light emitting diodes (LEDs) has attracted considerable attention as an alternative artificial light source not only for controlled environmental agriculture but also for plant tissue culture experiments. The advantages of LEDs over the conventional gas discharge lamps used in plant tissue culture systems are the ability to regulate the levels of photosynthetically active and photomorphogenic radiation necessary for plant morphogenesis, small size, longer lifespan and low thermal energy output. A conspicuous influence of LED lighting on plant regeneration and secondary metabolite accumulation has been suggested by numerous studies in a variety of plant species. However, the responses of plants considerably vary to different light treatments, and there is no specific pattern among the various species. Apart from its impact on plant regeneration responses up to the stage of ex vitro transfer, LED irradiation also significantly alters the cellular redox balance. LED-induced changes in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent involvement of antioxidative metabolic activities have also been reported. This chapter describes the influence of LED light on in vitro plant regeneration including acclimatization, ex vitro transfer and associated ROS network with antioxidative defence. The outcome of the findings along with the potential of LEDs in regulating plant regeneration responses has also been discussed.