Antoine Messiah

Hyperactivity-inattention symptoms in childhood and suicidal behaviors in adolescence: the Youth Gazel Cohort

Objective:  Although a link has been suggested between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and completed suicide, little is known about the association with suicidal behaviors in community settings. This study addresses the relationship between childhood hyperactivity‐inattention symptoms (HI‐s) and subsequent suicidal behaviors.

Risk compensation: a male phenomenon? Results from a controlled intervention trial promoting helmet use among cyclists

Prevention tools are challenged by risky behaviors that follow their adoption. Speed increase following helmet use adoption was analyzed among bicyclists enrolled in a controlled intervention trial. Speed and helmet use were assessed by video (2621 recordings, 587 participants). Speeds were similar among helmeted and nonhelmeted female cyclists (16.5 km/h and 16.1 km/h, respectively) but not among male cyclists (helmeted: 19.2 km/h, nonhelmeted: 16.8 km/h). Risk compensation, observed only among male cyclists, was moderate, thus unlikely to offset helmet preventive efficacy.

Disruptive symptoms in childhood and adolescence and early initiation of tobacco and cannabis use: The Gazel Youth study

PURPOSE To examine the link between symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder in childhood, and the initiation of tobacco and cannabis use, controlling for other behavioral symptoms, temperament and environmental risk factors. METHOD The sample (N=1107 participants, aged 4 to 18 years at baseline) was recruited from the population-based longitudinal Gazel Youth study with a follow-up assessment 8 years later. Psychopathology, temperament, environmental variables, and initiation of tobacco and cannabis use were self-reported. Event time analyses were performed to assess the effects of childhood disruptive symptoms on age at first use of tobacco and cannabis. RESULTS Proportional hazard models revealed that participants with high levels of childhood symptoms of both hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder were at highest risk of early tobacco initiation (in males: hazard ratio [HR]=2.05; confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-3.38; in females: HR=2.01; CI: 1.31-3.09), and, in males, of early cannabis initiation (HR=1.95; CI: 1.04-3.64). Temperament, through activity in both males and females and negative emotionality in females, was also associated to early substance use initiation. CONCLUSIONS Children who simultaneously have high levels of symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder are at increased risk for early substance initiation. These associations may guide childhood health professionals to consider the liability for early substance initiation in high-risk groups.

Estimating means and percentages in a complex sampling survey : Application to a French national survey on sexual behaviour (ACSF)

Two-phase stratification sampling with unequal selection probabilities is a relatively cost-efficient strategy to address problems on a nationwide basis and to perform comparative analyses of specific subgroups. This was the case with the ACSF survey. Specific procedures to estimate the variances of unbiased estimators in complex sampling designs are not included in standard statistical packages and no specialized software is available for two-phase sampling. A detailed synthesis of general basic rules for inference about a target population from a probability sample is first presented. We follow with a standard procedure to estimate means and percentages with their confidence intervals according to the design. Finally, numerical results are discussed.

Homosexualité, bisexualité : éléments de socio-biographie sexuelle

Messiah (Antoine) and Mouret-Fourme (Emmanuelle). - Homosexualidad, bisexualidad. Elementos de socio-biografia sexual La encuesta ACSF ha permitido obtener una muestra aleatoria de 210 hombres que han tenido al menos una relacion homosexual durante su vida. Con esta muestra se han ana- lizado varios datos socio-biograficos : centro de interes y actividad sexual en varios perio- dos, atraccion sexual, vida en pareja, caracteristicas socio-demograficas de los individuos y de las parejas, caracteristicas de las primeras relaciones sexuales, violencia sexual sufrida, parejas multiples homo o heterosexuales, dialogos con los padres y la familia durante la in- fancia, influencia de la religion, y tolerancia hacia la homosexualidad masculina. El anali- sis muestra que los resultados obtenidos a traves de la encuesta ACSF son muy distintos de los obtenidos a traves de encuestas especificas a homo/bisexuales sin proceso aleatorio. En este sentido, la poblacion bisexual aparece muy mayoritaria, variando entre el 64 y el 96 % segun el periodo de investigacion. Los individuos bisexuales se encuentran, en el caso de ciertas caracteristicas, en posiciones intermedias entre las de los homosexuales y las de los heterosexuales, y para ciertas otras sus posiciones son muy similares a las de los individuos heterosexuales. Estos datos muestran como las logicas biograficas y sus consecuencias socio-demograficas difieren segun el centro de interes y actividad sexual, y deben ser tornados en cuenta en las estrategias de prevencion contra la infeccion del sida en el grupo de homo/bisexuales masculinos.

Disruptive behaviors and early sexual intercourse: The GAZEL Youth Study.

Sexual health-risk behaviors in disruptive children are poorly understood. In a longitudinal population-based sample, event-time analyses showed that subjects with high levels of conduct disorder symptoms, particularly in combination with simultaneously high levels of hyperactivity-inattention symptoms, exhibited the highest risk for earlier sexual activity compared to controls, suggesting the need for prevention.

Sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior of bisexual men in France: implications for HIV prevention. The French National Survey on Sexual Behavior Group.

The French National Survey on Sexual Behavior was used to identify sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior of bisexually active men, as distinct from both homosexually and heterosexually active men. In regard to number of partners and frequency of unprotected vaginal sex, bisexuals were similar to multipartnered heterosexuals. On sociodemographic criteria, they differed from both homosexuals and heterosexuals. Bisexual men reported fewer partners than homosexuals but seemed more likely to engage in risk behavior related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and they were less likely to have ever had a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test. These results justify prevention efforts specially adapted for bisexuals.

Menthol cigarette smoking and health, Florida 2007 BRFSS.

OBJECTIVE To examine associations between menthol cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence, quit attempts, and physical and mental health. METHODS Data were drawn from the 2007 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and a follow-up survey among current smokers (N = 3396). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, menthol cigarette smoking was associated with women, African American and Hispanic race/ethnicity, and greater mental distress. CONCLUSIONS Women, racial/ethnic minorities, and individuals reporting a greater frequency of mental distress are more likely to smoke menthol versus nonmenthol cigarettes. Implications for public health policy and cessation interventions are discussed.

Health-related quality of life and nicotine dependence, Florida 2007.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and nicotine dependence in a representative sample of 3560 Florida smokers. METHODS Data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System-Florida Tobacco Callback Survey were used. Logistic regression models were conducted to identify factors independently associated with HRQOL measures. RESULTS Greater nicotine dependence was associated with poor/fair self-rated health, 1-29 days of poor physical health, and poor mental health, and inactivity in the past 30 days. CONCLUSIONS The consequences of long-term smoking, and thus nicotine dependence, may not be confined to traditional morbidity measures but may include poor perceived health and overall well-being.

Disparities in hypertension control advice according to smoking status

OBJECTIVES Hypertension is the most common modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Blood pressure (BP) reduction, particularly among smokers, is highly effective at preventing cardiovascular diseases. We examined the association between patient smoking status and hypertension management advice. METHODS Adults who participated in the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with self-reported hypertension were examined (n=51,063). Multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, insurance status, body mass index, alcohol use, self-reported general health and survey design were conducted to examine the association between smoking status (never, former, or current) and receipt of hypertension control advice. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounders, being a current smoker was significantly associated with lower odds of receiving advice to lower salt intake (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR, 0.91 [95% confidence interval=0.84-0.99]), exercise (AOR 0.89 [0.80-0.98]), and to take hypertensive medication (AOR 0.80 [0.66-0.98]) compared to never smokers. However, hypertensive smokers had greater odds of receiving advice to reduce alcohol consumption (AOR 1.23 [1.10-1.45]). CONCLUSIONS Although healthcare providers are in an optimal position to provide patient education to improve BP control, hypertensive smokers may be less likely to receive important BP control lifestyle modification messages from their healthcare provider than non-smokers.