Anton Bahtiar

Evaluation of a Clinical Pharmacist Intervention on Clinical and Drug-Related Problems Among Coronary Heart Disease Inpatients: A pre-experimental prospective study at a general hospital in Indonesia

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the role of a clinical pharmacist intervention in decreasing subsequent clinical and drug-related problems (DRPs) among coronary heart disease (CHD) inpatients with at least one previous DRP. Methods This pre-experimental study with a pre-post design was carried out from January to April 2017 among inpatients with at least one previous DRP at a general hospital in Tangerang District, Banten, Indonesia. Clinical and DRPs were documented prospectively by a clinical pharmacist, with DRPs classified using Version 6.2 of the DRP classification scheme of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation. The intervention consisted of a discussion of identified DRPs with physicians, patients, pharmaceutical logistics clerks, nurses and nutritionists. Following this, any subsequent clinical and DRPs were re-identified and further interventions were conducted as necessary. Results A total of 75 inpatients were included in the study. Pre-intervention, there were 443 DRPs and 202 clinical problems. The most frequent DRPs were adverse drug reactions (52.6%), followed by drug effects (41.8%). Most DRPs were of moderate severity and would have resulted in moderate consequences had the pharmacist not intervened. The interventions resulted in a significant reduction in the number of DRPs, type of DRPs and number of clinical problems (P <0.05 each). Patients with complications were 26.047 times more likely to have no reduction or an increased number of clinical problems compared to patients without complications (P <0.05). Conclusion Clinical pharmacist interventions were found to reduce subsequent DRPs and clinical problems among CHD patients with at least one previous DRP.

Effect of Apium graveolens Extract Administration on the Pharmacokinetics of Captopril in the Plasma of Rats

Apium graveolens (celery) is an edible and traditionally medicinal plant that is used worldwide, among others for the treatment of hypertension. Combining celery with antihypertensive drugs can affect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the latter drugs. The aim of the study is to assess the effects of administrating the celery extract on captopril pharmacokinetics. Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into two groups (n = 6). Group I was given captopril (10 mg/kg Body Weight (BW)) orally, while Group II was pretreated with celery extract orally (40 mg/kg BW) an hour before administration of captopril. The blood samples were withdrawn at various intervals after drug administration. The captopril concentration was determined using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and from the blood data, the values of Ke, Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. The results showed that oral administration of the celery extract increased Cmax (38.67%), T1/2 (37.84%), and AUC (58.10%) and decreased Ke (27.45%) of captopril in Group II (celery + captopril) compared with Group I (captopril). In conclusion, celery extract can alter the pharmacokinetic of captopril when given in combination. The combination might be beneficial for the treatment of hypertension, as celery causes an increase in the plasma level of captopril, which can enhance its efficacy.

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Asymmetrical Mono-Carbonyl Analogs of Curcumin (AMACs) against Vero, HeLa, and MCF7 Cell Lines

A series of novel asymmetrical mono-carbonyl analogs of curcumin (AMACs) were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity using BSLT and MTT assay against Vero, HeLa, and MCF7 cell lines. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectral data. The results of the cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to very high toxic activity in BSLT (LC50 value 29.80–1704.23 µM); most of the compound exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines, which is comparable to the activity of cisplatin (IC50 value 40.65–95.55 µM), and most of the compound tested against MCF7 cell lines exhibited moderate to very high cytotoxic activity (IC50 value 7.86–35.88 µM). However, the selectivity index (SI) of the compounds was low (<1–1.96). Among the synthesized compounds, compound 1b was the most cytotoxic and selective against MCF7 cell lines. It could be considered for further development to obtain the more active and selective chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer.

Preliminary of Pharmacokinetics Study of Brown Seaweed (Turbinaria decurrens Bory) Extract in Colon Cancer Model Mice Induced by AOM (Azoxymethane) and DSS (Dextran Sodium Sulphate)

Introduction: Colon Cancer is one of leading cancer that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide, causes 774,000 deaths. Fucoxanthin contained brown seaweed Bory) extracts showed cytotoxic activity by and study, including colon cancer. This study aims to examine the absorption profile of fucoxanthin in blood plasma on colon cancer model mice. Methods: Mice were induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and two cycle dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Mice were given an extract of brown seaweed Bory that contain fucoxanthin. Fucoxanthin content in blood plasma analyzed using mobile phase methanol: acetonitrile by ReversedPhase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. Results: The maximum concentration of fucoxanthin in blood was at 4 hours after administration, and the plasma concentration is 2.15 nmol/L, T1/2 6.25 h, and AUC 10.75 nmol/L/h Conclusions: The method was applied successfully in a pharmacokinetic study and the resulting oral brown seaweed bioavailability calculated.

Cytotoxic Activity of Extract and Active Fraction of Turbinaria decurrens Bory on Colon Cancer Cell Line HCT-116

Turbinaria deccurrens Bory contains bioactive compound that is beneficial for health. Turbinaria deccurrens Bory is one of many species of brown seaweed that grows in Indonesian marine life and has been known to have cytotoxic activity. The im of this study is to determine fucoxantin content and the cytotoxic activity of extract and fraction T. decurrens on colon cancer cell lines. Cytotoxic assay of ethanolic extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanolic fractions against HCT-116 by MTS assay using Cell C ou ting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Fucoxantin content in extract and fraction were analyzed using Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatogr aphy (RP-HPLC) analysis. Extract and fraction of T. decurrens contain fucoxanthin with the highest content of fucoxanthin was in ethyl acetate fraction. CCK-8 assay showed that extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction inhibited the growth of HCT-116. Brown s eaweed Turbinaria decurrens was potential as an anticolon cancer agent.