Antonia Calvo-Salguero

Valores laborales y percepción del estilo de liderazgo en personal de enfermería

Objective. To identify the profile of work values according to nursing professionals and analyze the relationship, if any, of such values with the perception of leadership styles. Material and Methods. The EVAT-30 and the SDBQ questionnaires were used in this study. The sample comprised 160 nurses of an Almeria public hospital, in the south of Spain. This study was carried out in October 2005. Results. Values associated with authority/power, tradition, achievement and self-direction are deemed most important by nursing professionals. Perception of the task-oriented leader’s behavior positively correlates with values of authority/power, confidence and achievement, and negatively correlates with values of benevolence and universalism. Perception of the relationship/considerationoriented leader’s behavior positively correlates with values of universalism, achievement, tradition and self-direction. Conclusion. These results suggest that the perception of leadership styles may influence the set of values held in high esteem by subordinates.

Gender and work–family conflict: Testing the rational model and the gender role expectations model in the Spanish cultural context

Gutek, Searle, and Klepa (1991) proposed two models to explain the gender differences in work-family conflict: the rational model and the gender role expectations model. Both models have mostly been tested on American and Canadian samples, and have obtained partial support. Given the cultural differences between North American countries and Spain, we should question whether the two models are equally applicable to Spanish society or whether one of them captures Spanish men and womens experience of work-family conflict better than the other. So, the aim of this study is to test which of the models better explains the gender differences in work-family conflict in the Spanish cultural context (or if, indeed, the two models apply equally well). Given the typical cultural dimensions of Spanish society, we expected to find greater support for the gender role expectations model than for the rational model. However, the results obtained in this study indicated that, while the rational model can explain the gender differences that were found, the gender role expectations model cannot capture Spanish peoples work-family conflict experiences. The results are interpreted in terms of cultural dimensions characteristic of the Spanish context.

Work–Family and Family–Work Conflict: Does Intrinsic–Extrinsic Satisfaction Mediate the Prediction of General Job Satisfaction?

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to analyze the mediating role of intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction in the relationship between the 2 dimensions of work–family conflict—family interfering with work (FIW) and work interfering with family (WIF)—and general job satisfaction. Step-by-step hierarchical regression analyses were carried out on a sample of 151 men and women from a Spanish public organization. The results confirmed the mediating role of intrinsic job satisfaction in the case of FIW. This highlights the importance of taking into account the level of satisfaction with the intrinsic facets of ones job as a measure for understanding why FIW has a negative impact on general job satisfaction.

Beliefs and environmental behavior: The moderating effect of emotional intelligence

Recent decades have seen a proliferation of studies aiming to explain how pro-environmental behavior is shaped by attitudes, values and beliefs. In this study, we have included an aspect in our analysis that has been rarely touched upon until now, that is, the intelligent use of emotions as a possible component of pro-environmental behavior. We applied the Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) and the New Environmental Paradigm scale to a sample of 184 male and female undergraduate students. We also carried out correlation and hierarchical regression analyses of blocks. The results show the interaction effects of the system of environmental beliefs and the dimensions of emotional intelligence on glass recycling attitudes, intentions and behavior. The results are discussed from the perspective of research on how the management of emotions guides thought and behavior.

Differences between men and women with a dismissing attachment style regarding their attitudes and behaviour in romantic relationships

Research to date has revealed that the association between gender, attachment and the quality and functioning of intimate relationships is complex. This study examined the relationship between gender and attachment styles in attitudes to communication with ones partner and in the number of past relationships in a sample of 746 Spanish undergraduates. The Relationship Questionnaire was administered to them to determine the adult attachment style. The results revealed the existence of differences according to the adult attachment style and gender with regard to the two measured variables, and a significant effect of the interaction between gender and attachment. Dismissing men reported the highest average scores in the number of past relationships, with significant differences appearing when they were compared with secure and preoccupied men. However, dismissing women did not differ from the rest of the women with other attachment styles. When men and women with the same attachment styles were compared in this variable, the only significant differences were found between dismissing men and women (with the latter reporting fewer partners). In the case of attitudes to expressing feelings to ones partner, dismissing men reported the most negative attitudes, compared with secure and preoccupied men. Dismissing women, unlike the men, did not differ in their attitudes either from preoccupied or fearful women. Moreover, clear differences were shown between dismissing men and women in these attitudes (more negative in the case of men).

Gender, masculinity and femininity as ecocentrism and anthropocentrism predictors / Género, masculinidad y feminidad como predictores del ecocentrismo y el antropocentrismo

Abstract The objective of this study is to analyse the function of gender-role orientation (masculinity and femininity) versus gender (man and woman) in explaining anthropocentric and ecocentric beliefs based on the Spanish version of the NEP scale. 116 university students of both genders participated in the study (Men: 51; Women: 65). The NEP scale and the BSRI were used. Covariance and stepwise hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. The results suggest that, while anthropocentrism is predicted by gender and masculinity, ecocentrism is only predicted by femininity. The results obtained demonstrate the important role femininity may play in predicting environmental concern and suggest the need to analyse in greater depth the role that gender-role orientation can play in explaining gender differences in pro-environmental attitudes.

Valores laborales individualistas y colectivistas de enfermeras y enfermeros en un entorno multicultural

Objetivos: Comprobar si en los profesionales de enfermeria predominan los valores individualistas o los colectivistas y si el perfil de valores predominante se mantiene tanto en las mujeres como en los hombres. Comprobar si existen diferencias de genero en el grado en el que estos profesionales participan de los valores individualistas y colectivistas. Material y Metodos: La escala de medida utilizada es la EVAT-30. Los participantes fueron 186 enfermeros de un hospital publico ubicado al Sur de Espana. Se realizaron analisis de diferencias de media, prueba t y analisis MANOVA. Resultados: Ambos generos valoran mas los valores laborales individualistas que los colectivistas. Las enfermeras prefieren mas los valores individualistas que los enfermeros, no existiendo diferencias de genero en los valores colectivistas. Conclusiones: Se sugiere la necesidad de profundizar en el analisis de estos valores relacionandolos con la eficacia de los equipos de trabajo en enfermeria e identificando los factores que determinan las diferencias de genero.

Attachment security, values, and prosocial attitudes

The objective of this study was to determine whether individuals with different attachment styles held different prosocial values and attitudes given their different models of self and of others. A sample of 717 university students completed the ECR-S (Experiences in Close Relationships-Spanish) and the PVQ (Portrait Values Questionnaire), and evaluated different prosocial attitudes. The results showed that secure individuals reported higher scores on self-transcendence and in the value self-directions of the dimension openness to change, whereas insecure individuals had higher scores on conservation and self-enhancement. No differences were found in the attitudes of individuals with different attachment styles. These findings show a link between the dimensions of the universal values theory, and the models of self and of others.

Differences in the prevalence of depression in older Spanish Romany and non-Romany people and associated factors: Depression: Romany and non-Romany people

Depression among older adults has serious implications, especially because suicide rates are higher in this group than in younger adults. Research has identified biological and social risk factors. However, studies addressing cultural and psychosocial factors associated with specific ethnic groups, such as Spanish Romani, are lacking. The objective of the present study was to establish the differential prevalence of depression among Romany and non‐Romany people older than 55 years of age. It also aimed to explore how cultural, sociodemographic, and psychosocial factors predispose individuals to depression.