Antonio B. Rodriguez

Holocene Evolution of the East Texas Coast and Inner Continental Shelf: Along-Strike Variability in Coastal Retreat Rates

ABSTRACT The low gradient east Texas coast and inner-continental shelf, from Sabine Lake at the Texas-Louisiana border to the western end of Galveston Island, experienced extreme along-strike variations in rates of Holocene coastal retreat. Around 7.7 ka a barrier shoreline was located approximately 55 km offshore. Toward the western end of Galveston Island, the shoreline retreated 55 km, occupying a position on the lagoon side of the Island by about 5.3 ka. Toward the Texas-Louisiana border, the shoreline retreated more gradually, occupying a position seaward of Sabine Bank by 5.3 ka. Between 4.7 ka and 2.8 ka the shoreline at Sabine Bank retreated 30 km, while Galveston Island prograded seaward. Bolivar Peninsula began to accrete around 1.5 ka. Heald and Sabine banks, located on the inner continental shelf above terraced fluvial deposits of the Trinity-Sabine incised valley, are the only preserved remnants of these former shoreline positions. Fluctuating rates of sea-level rise were not the forcing mechanism behind episodes of rapid shoreline retreat because these events were localized. Rather, along-strike variations in the rate of transgression were caused by the variable inner-shelf gradients, which increase towards the west, and the orientation of the Sabine incised valley and associated terraced fluvial deposits, which trend northeast-southwest (parallel to shore). As shorelines retreated over fluvial deposits, these served as local sand sources that enabled barrier islands to persist Figure 1. Map of the east Texas inner shelf showing locations of Sabine, Heald, and Shepard banks. Paleotopographic map of the Pleistocene surface (thin contours; Siringan 1993) delineates the Trinity-Sabine incised valley, which formed during the last lowstand of sea level (Thomas and Anderson 1994). Bathymetric contours are shown as thick lines with bold numbers. Dots are core locations. End_Page 405------------------------ offshore, out of equilibrium with sea level. Once these sand sources became depleted, and/or sea level reached some critical threshold, barrier shorelines became stranded offshore as banks, and new shorelines formed landward. The geologic setting of coastal areas, specifically antecedent topography, plays a primary role in controlling coastal evolution. To accurately forecast long-term (centennial to millennial) coastal evolution, it is essential that impacts associated with variations in the underlying geology of coastal areas be incorporated into coastal forecasting models.

Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves Generated During High-resolution Seismic Reflection Profiling of a Fluvial Aquifer

Shear wave velocity profiles are estimated from surface wave dispersion analysis of data collected during a high-resolution P-wave reflection survey of a fluvial aquifer located in Columbus, Mississippi. The results demonstrate that useful velocity profiles of the upper 4m of a sedimentary sequence can be imaged, even when survey design parameters and noise conditions are not optimal for surface wave surveys. The data were collected with 100Hz geophones, a 10oz. hammer source, and a 1m geophone spacing with near and far offsets of 1 and 12m, respectively. In spite of these less-than-ideal survey parameters for surface wave analysis and the presence of substantial cultural noise arising from nearby quarrying operations and runway activity, the shear velocity profiles accurately locate the boundaries between a shallow soil layer and a meandering fluvial facies in the upper part of the aquifer, and the boundary between the meandering fluvial facies and a braided fluvial facies in the lower part of the aquife...