Antonio José da Silva Maciel

Proposta de uma máquina para colheita mecanizada de babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) para a agricultura familiar

The babacu is an important plant in subsistence economy in northern Brazil. The environment-social configuration of babacu is prominent in the Amazonian regional situation, where its products are a means of income for the more impoverished Amazonian population, besides the question of the environment, which is relative to its preservation in the forest. One of the technical obstacles to babacu production, especially with regard to extracting its oil, is manual harvesting and extractive system. The objective of this work is to propose motorized harvesting in both artificial and natural forests. It was used the project methodology morphological matrix, that numbering the possible configurations os mechanism and elements for the babacus harvest. The result was a theoretical concept, it has been concluded the technical viability of project, future studies they intend to develop the detail technical viability as well as the economic viability.

Desenvolvimento e projeto de colhedora de babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) para agricultura familiar nas regiões de matas de transição da Amazônia

The babacu (Orbignya phalerata) is a typical palm of transition forests of Amazon/Savana and Amazon/Caatinga econsystems; it is very important economically, socially and environmentally in this region. Products derived from babacu provide income for the poor of these regions. One of the problems for obtaining this product efficiently is the extractivist system of harvesting. The objective of this work is to set up a self-propelling project of babacu harvesting, for family farmers of the Amazonian transition forest region, which would not interfere in natural babacu forests, and would contribute to harvesting efficiency. The project was carried out with engineering tools. We obtained the calculus memorial, definition of machine elements, which substantiates the technical of the project.

Avaliação da distribuição de sementes por uma semeadora de anel interno rotativo utilizando média móvel exponencial

Conceitos de qualidade cada vez mais se tornam essenciais para a sobrevivencia da empresa agricola, pois a importância do aprimoramento das operacoes agricolas se faz necessaria para a obtencao de resultados viaveis economicamente, ambientamente e socialmente. Uma das dimensoes da qualidade e conseguir de conformidade, ou seja, a garantia de execucao exata do que foi planejado para atender aos requisitos dos clientes em relacao a um determinado produto ou servico. Os objetivos deste trabalho sao avaliar a distribuicao longitudinal entre sementes de uma semeadora de anel interno rotativo, e propor a utilizacao da metodologia estatistica da Media Movel Exponencialmente Ponderada (MMEP) como alternativa para o controle de qualidade da semeadura, quando nao ha normalidade da distribuicao dos dados. Os resultados demonstraram que a MMEP e adequada para a avaliacao da qualidade da distribuicao longitudinal de sementes, pois concordou com os dados apresentados na estatistica descritiva, o que lhe credencia para avaliacao de distribuicoes nao normais.

Proposta metodológica utilizando ferramentas de qualidade na avaliação do processo de pulverização

O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar uma metodologia para avaliar o processo de pulverizacao com a utilizacao das ferramentas da qualidade. Para tanto foram listados os fatores primarios, secundarios e terciarios e com auxilio da ferramenta ?check list? foram elaboradas as listas de checagem. Foram avaliados os fatores mao-de-obra, maquina, material, meio e metodo de 32 processos de pulverizacao antes da aplicacao de defensivos agricolas. Nesta avaliacao cada fator recebeu uma pontuacao onde a somatoria foi de 750 pontos. Desta amostra foi avaliado a aplicacao de herbicida de dez processos participantes do Programa Agraria de Qualidade Total Rural ? PAQTRural. Os itens de controle avaliados nos dez processos foram a qualidade de distribuicao das gotas, o controle das plantas daninhas, falhas entre os rastros de pulverizacao e fitotoxidez causado as culturas. A qualidade de distribuicao das gotas foi avaliada no momento da execucao da aplicacao do defensivo onde se posicionou vinte papeis hidrossensiveis na superficie do solo. Para avaliar a qualidade distribuicao de gotas foi considerado o potencial risco de deriva (PRD), a densidade de gotas (N cm-2), o diâmetro mediano volumetrico (DMV) e a amplitude relativa (AR). Considerou-se tambem um total de 750 pontos para os itens de controle se todos estivessem em conformidade. Os resultados mostram que a pontuacao media dos fatores mao-de-obra, maquina, material, meio e metodo foram 78, 211, 49, 20 e 94 pontos, respectivamente. Considerando a somatoria dos pontos dos fatores para os 32 processos, o valor minimo encontrado foi de 230 e o maximo de 620 pontos. Para os processos participantes do programa de qualidade pode-se notar uma menor amplitude onde a variacao foi entre 410 e 620 pontos. A somatoria dos fatores avaliados dos dez processos com os pontos obtidos nos itens de controle variou de 812 ate 1263 pontos de um total de 1500. Com a metodologia pode-se identificar quais as causas comuns dos processos que podem afetar o seu resultado Abstract

A Simple Green Method for Biodiesel Iodine Number Determination

A simple and green method for the determination of the iodine number in biodiesel is proposed based on the Friedmann procedure for oils and fats adapted for biodiesel. The reagent solutions used are prepared in water with the exception of the standard iodine and the biodiesel solutions that are dissolved in ethanol 96 %. The method was compared with the procedure recommended by the norm EN 14111, which is essentially the Wijs method. Biodiesel derived from several oils and fats were analyzed using the two methods. A statistical comparison between them shows that both offer equivalent results and precision.

TÉCNICA DE MOIRÉ APLICADA AL ANÁLISIS DE ESFUERZOS DE COMPRESIÓN EN EL BAMBÚ GUADUA

Bamboo is considered an important raw material in developing countries because its physical characteristics associate lightness with high mechanical resistance. However its behavior obtained from mechanical tests is not yet well defined. This research work had the objective of evaluating bamboo (Guadua angustifolia) testing specimens under simple uniaxial compression loading. Shadow moire optical methods had been employed to generate deformation mapping as function of knots (0, 1 or 2). Obtained results indicate that the technique is well adequate in generating iso-deformation contour lines in bamboo specimens.

Proposta conceitual de colhedoras autopropelidas de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) para a região amazônica

Production of the acai fruit is mainly accomplished through manual collection; but there is a strong trend towards the implementation of commercial crops. Fruit harvesting is carried out exclusively by climbers who risk injury to themselves, besides not being very efficient at harvesting. The aim of this study was to produce design concepts for self-propelled acai harvesters for dry-land forest environments, floodplain forest environments and commercial crops. To this end we used the design methodology of a morphological matrix. The results obtained were the design concepts for the following new harvesters: an acai harvester for native floodplain forests in the wet season; a harvester for both dry-land and native floodplain forests in the dry season; a harvester for commercial crops.

Programa computacional para o dimensionamento de colhedoras considerando a pontualidade na colheita de soja

Soybean harvest is considered a critical operation that might suffer some delays causing a reduction in crop yield or quality. Although the value of losses is unknown in the country, combine harvesters with high capacity are applied by the producers and they aim to conclude the operation as fast as possible. If the harvesters have greater capacity than the required, the fixed cost is increased, and if it is the opposite, it might reduce the crop yield. In both cases, there is a decrease in profit, which is called indirect costs. The problem of selecting the agricultural machinery is the commitment between adjusting the cost of the invested extra capital in the machine capacity in order to finish the work in the optimum date and the cost of losses by delaying the operation, seeking to maximize the net profit. Due to the crop importance and the indirect cost caused by the delay in the harvest, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influences suffered because of the delay in the fleet planning and harvest operation costs. For this purpose, a computer model in Borland Delphi 5.0 language was developed where the characteristics of the agro climatic region, the combine harvesters and the soy cultivars are included in the data entrance. The net profit is the result and it works as the indicator for the indirect cost in the operation for the selected combine harvester. The program was used in order to simulate scenarios in a property of Ponta Grossa (PR) region and the values showed that the obtained net profit is below the potential because the combine harvesters of the property work in a lower capacity.

Desenvolvimento de aerobarco de baixo custo para a agricultura familiar

A principal via de transporte dos ribeirinhos amazonicos sao os rios. Neste universo um grande problema sao os meios de locomocao disponiveis: quando as embarcacoes sao modernas tem alto custo; quando sao mais rusticas nao oferecem seguranca nem desempenho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um aerobarco de baixo custo de aquisicao e manutencao, que possa ser construido pelos proprios ribeirinhos, sendo operado com seguranca. Foi utilizada a metodologia de projeto naval da espiral de projeto. Como resultado foram obtidos os desenhos conceituais do aerobarco e possiveis simulacoes de carregamento, sendo concluida a viabilidade tecnica da embarcacao, assim como o pouco custo de fabricacao.

Effects in mechanical properties and structure of the soil after tillage with rotary paraplow

Agricultural Engineering Department, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Ceará Federal University, Fortaleza, Brazil. Agricultural Engineering Department, Agricultural Engineering College, Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil. Agricultural Engineering Department, Agronomic Sciences College, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil. Agronomy Department, International University of Integration African-Brazil Lusophone, Redenção, Brazil.