Antonio Lucio Mello Martins

EFEITO DO NITROGÊNIO NO CULTIVO DE FEIJÃO IRRIGADO NO INVERNO

An experiment was conducted at three localities, namely, Ribeirao Preto (Latosolic B Terra Roxa), Votuporanga (Dark red latossol sandy phase) and Pindorama (Podzolic Lins-Marilia), in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The objetive was to evaluate the response of nitrogen on irrigated dry beans during a two year period at Ribeirao Preto and Votuporanga (1990, 1991) and in Pindorama (1992, 1993). The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks design with five replications. The results showed that the yield of irrigated dry beans in the winter can be increased adding nitrogen. The sprint application is recommendable for the low fertility soil (Pindorama). The combination of N applied to the soil and on the leaves was more effective than that only on the leaves. The single dose applied at the 25th day after germination was more effective than the one aplied at the sowing date.

Genotype-environment interaction and the number of test sites for the genetic improvement of rubber trees (Hevea) in São Paulo State, Brazil

The present study quantifies the possible genotype-environment interactions and determines the ideal number of test sites for rubber trees [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell Arg] in the plateau region of Sao Paulo State. The study was based on the genetic correlation among progenies at three different sites and on estimates of genetic gains with indirect selection of rubber trees. Twenty-two half-sib progenies were planted at the Jau, Pindorama and Votuporanga experimental stations using random blocks with five replications and 10 plants per plot. At three years of age, the plants were evaluated for their total number of latex ring vessels (NR), rubber production (RP), bark thickness (BT) and girth (SG). There was significant genetic variability in the characters RP, SG and BT, mainly among progenies from Pindorama and Votuporanga. The effects of genotype-site interactions were significant for RP and SG. The finding of significant interactions was not a complicating factor because of the large genetic correlation detected. These results indicate that the use of two sites is more profitable when the gains in efficiency of selection are greater than 10%. Thus, Pindorama and Votuporanga will satisfactorily attend the studied region.

Variabilidade genética da produção anual da seringueira: estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e estudo de interação genótipo x ambiente

Selecionaram-se dezenove genotipos de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) considerados como os melhores em vigor e producao em uma populacao de pes francos estabelecidos no campo de ensaios da Estacao Experimental de Pindorama, com o objetivo de estudar a variabilidade genetica e ambiental e a interacao genotipo x ambiente sobre a producao durante cinco anos. Com base na analise da variância anual e conjunta, estimaram-se parâmetros geneticos para producao, na tentativa de quantificar o ganho genetico com a selecao, e as correlacoes geneticas e fenotfpicas das producoes ano a ano. Os resultados das analises da variância dentro de anos mostraram efeitos significativos para genotipos, sendo os efeitos da interacao genotipo x ambiente altamente significativos. As estimativas de herdabilidade, no sentido amplo, ao nivel de medias de parcelas, foram altas, com amplitude de 0,57 a 0,77, respectivamente, para o segundo e quinto ano de producao. As maiores percentagens de ganho genetico foram obtidas no primeiro e quinto ano de producao, 39,03 e 27,57 respectivamente. Correlacoes geneticas e fenotipicas entre anos de sangria foram altas e significativas. Os altos valores de herdabilidade e ganho genetico para o primeiro ano de sangria indicam que a selecao massal conduzida nesta fase proporciona, efetivamente, maior ganho na selecao.

Desempenho preliminar de clones de seringueira na região de São José do Rio Preto, planalto do estado de São Paulo

Neste trabalho, e apresentado o desempenho de nove anos de desenvolvimento e producao dos clones de seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex. Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.], a saber: AVROS 1328, PB 235, PB 217, GT 1, RRIM 701, IAN 873, Tab 821, IAC 15, Tab 804, IAC 222 e, como testemunha, RRIM 600. No experimento, instalado na Fazenda Agua Milagrosa, municipio de Tabapua, sob o delineamento de blocos casualizados com seis repeticoes, estudaram-se os seguintes caracteres: producao de borracha seca; vigor, expresso pela circunferencia do caule; espessura de casca e arvores com seca do painel. Com relacao a producao dos onze clones testados, PB 235, Tab 804, RRIM 701 e AVROS 1328 produziram, respectivamente, 113, 45, 38 e 32% a mais em relacao ao RRIM 600, em gramas/arvore/corte na media de quatro anos de sangria, onde, a partir do segundo ano, as plantas foram estimuladas. A maior parte desses clones se mostrou vigorosa, com caracteres secundarios aceitaveis, tais como: espessura de casca virgem, arvores secas, baixa incidencia de quebra pelo vento e baixa suscetibilidade de doencas de painel e folhas. O desempenho do GT 1 e do IAC 222, embora vigoroso, nao foi bom. RRIM 701 e IAC 15 apresentaram alta incidencia de seca do painel; entretanto, o incremento da circunferencia na sangria foi alto para esses clones.

Efeito na produtividade da rotação de culturas de verão e crotalária no inverno

Em ensaio de rotacao de culturas, conduzido em Pindorama, SP, num solo podzolico vermelho amarelo, fase arenosa, durante os anos agricolas de 1991/92, 1992/93 e 1993/94, avaliou-se o efeito da rotacao entre milho, soja e arroz, com e sem crotalaria juncea de inverno, na producao das culturas, no final do terceiro ano da experimentacao. Nao houve diferenca entre tratamentos na producao da soja. A rotacao aumentou a producao de arroz e milho, comparativamente ao monocultivo dessas culturas. A boa produtividade alcancada das culturas no terceiro ano pode ser atribuida, alem da rotacao, a ocorrencia regular de chuvas e ao uso de cultivares tolerantes a acidez

RESPOSTA DA APLICAÇÃO DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO CULTIVO DE FEIJÃO IRRIGADO NO INVERNO

An experiment was conducted at three localities, Ribeirao Preto (Latosolic B Terra Roxa), Votuporanga (Dark red latossol sandy phase) and Pindorama (Podzolic Lins-Marilia), in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, to evaluate the response of micronutrients on irrigated dry beans during a two year period at Ribeirao Preto and Votuporanga (1990, 1991) and in the next two years in Pindorama. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, with five replications. Treatments were: check, 20 kg ha-1 of borogram (8% B); 20 kg ha-1 of zincogram (20% Zn); 30 kg ha-1 of FTE-BR-12 and 60 kg ha-1 of FTE-BR-12 all applied in the soil. The foliar application of macronutrients consisted of: N (1 kg ha-1 ), P (0,5 kg ha-1), K (1,4 kg ha-1), which were sprayed 15, 25 and 35 days after emergence. An additional treatment consisted of NPK plus micronutrients (Mo, B and Zn) which was applied during the same period. The results showed that the yield of irrigated dry beans in the winter can be increased using the mixture of micronutrients (30 kg ha-1 FTE-BR-12). The aplication of micronutrients including molibdeniun increase the concentration of nitrogen in the leaves of dry beans, in the case of low fertility soils, as in Pindorama.

Semeadura do híbrido Lyra de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) sob plantio direto

A semeadura mecanizada da mamona (Ricinus communis L.) pode reduzir o tempo de operacao e os custos associados a mao-de-obra, porem a escassez de informacoes nesta area tem prejudicado a adocao correta desta tecnologia. Assim, objetivou-se com esse trabalho verificar a regularidade da distribuicao longitudinal de sementes do hibrido Lyra de mamona, em area de plantio direto e sua relacao com rendimento de graos; bem como a viabilidade da aplicacao de cartas de controle para a avaliacao do processo de semeadura, nesta cultura. O ensaio foi conduzido em area comercial de producao de graos de mamona sob plantio direto, sendo avaliadas: distribuicao longitudinal, porcentagens de espacamentos normais, falhos e duplos na linha, numero de planta por metro linear, altura de plantas, altura e comprimento do racemo primario e rendimento de graos. Utilizou-se a estatistica descritiva, a analise de correlacoes e as cartas de controle para a avaliacao dos parâmetros propostos. Ha necessidade de refinamento nas regulagens de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisao para a semeadura do hibrido Lyra de mamona, em areas de plantio direto; a distribuicao longitudinal de sementes de mamona influencia varios parâmetros fitotecnicos, incluindo o rendimento de graos; a aplicacao da carta de controle e uma ferramenta eficiente para a avaliacao do processo de semeadura da mamona.

Avaliação de progênies dos cafés Catuaí Amarelo e Catuaí Vermelho na região de Pindorama (SP)

Four progenies of the Catuai Amarelo and three of the Catuai Vermelho cultivars of Coffea arabica L. were evaluated for yield, as well as fruits and seed characteristics in a trial carried out at Pindorama Experimental Station. Caturra Amarelo and Mundo Novo cultivars of the same specie were used as control. Latin square 9 x 9 design was used. Each plot had six double plants (two plants per hole) planted 3 x 2 m in apart. Individual plant yield was recorded throughout eighteen years (1971-1988). It was analysed also the relation of ripe fruit weight to clean coffee weight; percentage of empty fruits; percentage of flat, peaberry and elephant beans; seed size and weight of 100 seeds for each individual plant. The Catuai Amarelo progeny CH 2077-2-5-62 gave the highest total yield and Caturra Amarelo LC 476 the lowest one. Yield oscillation was similar for the highest yielding Catuai progenies and the Mundo Novo and Caturra Amarelo standards. The results indicated that the Catuai Amarelo and Catuai Vermelho can be successfully grown at the Pindorama region.

Relação entre diferentes caracteres de plantas jovens de seringueira

This study was undertaken aiming to determine the existence of linear correlations, based on simple regression studies for a better improvement of young rubber tree (Hevea spp.) breeding and selection. The characters studied were: yield of dry rubber per tapping by Hamaker-Morris-Mann test tapping (P), mean gurth (CC), bark thickness (EC), number of latex vessel rings (NA), diameter of latex vesseis (DV), density of latex vesseis per 5mm within rings (D) and distance between latex vesseis rings (DMEAVC) in a three and haif years old nursery. The results showed that among other characters, the correlation values between P and CC, EC, NA, DV, D, DMEAVC were r = 0.61, 0.34, 0.28, 0.29, 0.43 and -0.13 respectively. The correlation coefficients values between CC and EC, NA, DV, D, DMEAVC were: r = 0.65, 0.22, 0.37, 0.33 and 0.096 respectively. Linear simple regression of P with CC, EC, NA, DV, D and DMEAVC suggested that CC was the only important and significant character accounting for 36% of the variation on P. Concerning with vigor, the regression of CC on the same characters suggest that EC was the only important and significant character accounting for 42% of the variation on CC. The high correlation of mean girth with yield and bark thickness showed that it is possible to obtain high yielding young ortets through early selection of these characters.

Influência de seis porta-enxertos sobre a produção de clones superiores de seringueira

In the rubber tree cultivation [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.], the most used propagation method is budding. The expected uniformity by using vegetative propagation is however not verified in fields commercial, because high variation for vigour and yield traits are induced by the rootstocks used. Based on this issue and on the economical importance of the rubber tree in Sao Paulo State, this study had as main objective the indication of the best combination of clones and rootstocks for planting in the State, aiming at high vigour and productivity. Analysed data were five years of dry rubber yield from an experiment in split-plot design with four replications, conducted at Pindorama (SP). Treatments comprised 36 different combinations, subjected to analysis of variance and mean comparions of six rootsocks and six scions. It was observed strong effects of rootstock over the anylised variables, as well as differential behaviour among the tested combinations. It was concluded that, PB 235, GT 1 and IAN 873 induced the largest yields, and should be recommended to the conditions of Planalto Paulista; the use of unselected seedlings (SNS) as rootstocks is not recommended as it showed very low yields when compared to selected rootstock seedlings.