Antonio Mario Penz Junior

Influence of water restriction on the performance and organ development of young broilers

Avaliou-se a influencia da restricao de agua (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40%) no desempenho, no comportamento e desenvolvimento de orgaos (coracao, perna, proventriculo e moela, figado e intestinos) e na micrometria intestinal de frangos de corte. Utilizaram-se 480 machos, linhagem ROSS 308, do 1o ao 21o dia de idade, criados em gaiolas de 0,72 m2. As aves receberam dieta basal a vontade e foram mantidas em temperatura de conforto termico. O consumo de agua foi estimado em um grupo de aves controle, dois dias mais velhas que as aves experimentais, porem com o mesmo peso inicial. As medidas de desempenho foram tomadas semanalmente e o consumo de agua, diariamente. Aos 21 dias, 18 aves por nivel de restricao (tratamento) foram sacrificadas para realizacao das medidas de micrometria intestinal (6 aves) e do peso de orgaos (12 aves). Diariamente, observou-se o comportamento das aves durante o periodo de fornecimento da agua. O desempenho das aves, a altura das vilosidades duodenais e os pesos frescos dos orgaos reduziram de forma linear de acordo com o aumento da restricao de agua. Aos 21 dias de idade, a cada 1% de restricao de agua, houve perda de 8,5 g no ganho de peso. No entanto, a mortalidade nao foi afetada por qualquer nivel de restricao de agua. Nao foi encontrada diferenca na profundidade de cripta, no numero de vilos e no peso relativo dos orgaos (em relacao ao peso corporal), exceto do coracao, que aumentou com a restricao de agua. Nas aves sob restricao de agua, houve maior extrusao dos vilos. Os frangos submetidos a restricao de agua alteraram seu comportamento, tornando-se agressivos e irritadicos. A restricao de agua, independentemente de sua magnitude, deve ser evitada na criacao de frangos de corte.

Influência da restrição de água e ração durante a fase pré-inicial no desempenho de frangos de corte até os 42 dias de idade

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of water and feed restriction during the pre-starter phase on the broilers performance and organs development (heart, liver, gizzard and intestines). In each experiment, a 480 males Ross chicks was allotted to a five levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) of water or feed restriction during the first seven days of age. The broilers were fed with the same diet, in nutritional composition, in all treatments. With water or feed restriction, it was observed a linear reduction in the performance during de first seven days of age and reduction in absolute organs weight, however the relative weight (RW) was not affected, except for gizzard that increased with restriction. After 7 days of age, it was observed a compensatory gain of the broilers, over all in the subsequent week (8 to 14 days). At 42 days, the birds showed similar body weight independently of the type of restriction. In the birds under water restriction, the feed conversion in the period from 8 the 14 days of age was better birds submitted to previous restriction, while, among those under ration restriction, this difference did not occur. Percentage of blood hematocrit linearly increased at 7 days of age with the increase of water restriction, and at three days of age with feed restriction. In both experiments there was no influence of the restrictions in the lot uniformity and in carcass and parts yield. The water intake was more independent than feed intake, therefore showed lower reduction when the birds were under feed restriction.

Efeito da composição do farelo de soja sobre o desempenho e o metabolismo de frangos de corte

It was studied the effect of soybean meal (SBM) composition, varying in CP (SBM44%, SBM46% and SBM48%), on performance, metabolism and intestinal micrometry of broilers. Three SBM were produced from the SBM with 48.4% CP and increasing levels of toasted soybean hulls. Three hundred and twelve birds were assigned to three treatments with eight replicates. The diets were formulated for three periods: 1 to 7 days, 8 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days of age. All dietary treatments were isoenergy and isoprotein. From 1 to 7 days of age, no treatment effect on bird performance was observed. However, from 8 to 21 days of age, the birds fed SBM48% showed the best weight gain (WG) and feed conversion (FC). In the period from 1 to 21 days of age, the broilers fed SBM48% showed higher body weight and WG and better FC than those fed SBM44%. In the period from 22 to 42 days of age, the birds on all dietary treatments showed similar performance. The metabolism parameters evaluated at both periods (3 to 7 and 39 to 42 days of age) showed that the SBM48% treatment promoted a significantly higher coefficient of metabolizability of GE and DM than SBM44% treatment. No treatment effect on villi height, cript depth and number of intestinal villi was observed.

Effect of water restriction and sodium levels in the drinking water on broiler performance during the first week of life

Avaliou-se o desempenho de frangos de corte, femeas Ross 308, ate os 21 dias de idade submetidos a restricao hidrica de 20% ou agua a vontade e quatro niveis de sodio, por meio da adicao de NaCl na agua (0, 150, 300 ou 450 ppm) na primeira semana de vida. Um grupo controle, com quatro repeticoes, alojado um dia antes do inicio do experimento, foi usado como referencia no calculo da restricao hidrica. Foram fornecidas duas dietas comerciais nos periodos de 1 a 7 dias e de 8 a 21 dias. As aves foram criadas em baterias metalicas, distribuidas em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com 4 repeticoes de 14 aves por tratamento. O consumo de racao, o ganho de peso e a conversao alimentar dos pintos aos 7 dias de idade foram influenciados pela restricao hidrica. Nesse periodo, houve interacao entre os fatores, comprovando que os pintos que nao sofreram restricao hidrica aumentaram o consumo de agua com o aumento dos niveis de sodio na agua. Tambem aos 7 dias de idade, a materia seca das excretas e das carcacas foi maior nos animais em restricao hidrica. Na segunda semana, o efeito da restricao hidrica anterior continuou prejudicando o consumo de racao, mas as aves submetidas previamente a restricao apresentaram melhor conversao alimentar, maior ganho de peso e maior consumo de agua em relacao aquelas mantidas com consumo a vontade. A mortalidade nao foi afetada por qualquer dos fatores analisados. Aos 21 dias de idade, com excecao do consumo de racao, as respostas para os demais parâmetros de desempenho foram iguais entre aves sob restricao e sem restricao hidrica. Valores de ate 450 ppm de sodio nao sao toxicos aos animais. Em condicoes adequadas, frangos de corte conseguem reverter rapidamente circunstâncias adversas a seu crescimento.

Influência da via de fornecimento do cloreto de sódio – água ou ração – em frangos de corte de um a sete dias de idade

Estudou-se a via de fornecimento de cloreto de sodio (NaCl) – agua ou racao – sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte, consumo de agua, desenvolvimento dos orgaos, metabolizabilidade da materia seca (MMS), retencao de nitrogenio (RN), energia metabolizavel aparente corrigida para nitrogenio (EMAn), materia seca das excretas (MSex) e composicao de carcaca. Foram utilizados 120 frangos da linhagem Ross 308, distribuidos em tres tratamentos com quatro repeticoes de 10 aves cada, num delineamento completamente casualizado. De um a sete dias de idade foram submetidos a tres formas de suplementacao de NaCl (0,47% de Na): 100% na racao; 50% na racao e 50% na agua (50% racao:50% agua); e 100% na agua. Durante o periodo de oito a 21 dias as aves receberam uma dieta unica, com NaCl via racao. De um a sete dias nao houve diferenca no Consumo de Agua, Consumo de Racao e Ganho de Peso; porem, NaCl via agua proporcionou melhor CA do que por ambas as vias (p < 0,07). Aos 21 dias de idade nao foram observadas diferencas significativas no desempenho, no peso relativo do coracao, figado e moela e no comprimento relativo do intestino. Nao houve resposta a via de fornecimento para EMAn e MSex em pintos de quatro a sete dias de idade; no entanto, as aves que receberam o NaCl via agua de bebida, exibiram menor MMS e RN (p < 0,05) no mesmo periodo. Conclui-se que o NaCl pode ser adicionado tanto na racao quanto na agua, sem ocasionar prejuizos ao desempenho produtivo dos frangos de corte na fase pre-inicial.

CONTEÚDO QUÍMICO E ENERGÉTICO DO MILHO ANTES E APÓS PRÉ-LIMPEZA

The poultry industry normally has little control over the raw material that arrives at the processing plant. This experiment aimed to evaluate chemical and energetic quality of corn obtained in a feed mill before and after pre-cleaning. Twenty samples of 30 kg of corn each were taken from trucks delivering corn to the mill. The trucks were then unloaded and the material passed through a pre-cleaning process when another sample was taken. Samples were graded and physical properties evaluated: density (g/L), grain percentages of foreign material, impurities, fragments, broken, soft, insect damaged, fire-burnt, fermented, damaged, cracked and fine particles, as well as chemical composition analysis: Apparent metabolizable energy for poultry (AME), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), starch (STA), water activity (WA), crude protein (CP), digestible and total lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine and arginine. The experiment was a randomized design with two treatments (before and after pre-cleaning) and twenty replications. Data was analyzed using SAS ® and treatment differences obtained using F test. Correlations and principal components were calculated. There was a decrease in density after the pre-cleaning process, which was probably due to the removal of earth and stones rather than grain and its fractions. Significant increases were found for insect damage, fermented and damaged grain while fire-burn was significantly reduced after the pre-cleaning process. Starch increased after pre-cleaning which is a result of contaminants that normally are poor in this carbohydrate, but fiber levels increased too. Apparent metabolizable energy, aminoacids, digestible (P<0.05) and total (P<0.05) histidine, total lysine and methionine (P<0.1) levels were reduced after pre-cleaning. Density was higher when there were fewer impurities

Avaliação da monensina no desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e partes de frangos de corte

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and carcass yield of broilers, receiving or not monensin (MON), at different levels (100,110 and 120 ppm) according to the growth phase (GP) (1 to 21; 22 at 40 and 41 to 45/46 days of age). The Experiment 1 was performed at metabolic cages and the AME, dry matter digestibility (DDM.) and nitrogen retention (NR) were determined. The Experiments 2 and 3 were performed at floor pens. In the Experiment 3, feed:gain ratio (F/G) was improved with MON, mainly from 22 to 40 days. The 100 and 110-ppm levels better responded than 120 ppm, mainly without drug withdrawal in the last GP. In the Experiment 3, birds without MON had higher feed intake (FI). No differences were observed in DMD, ME or NR. In the Experiments 1 and 2, the maintenance of the drug up to the last week positively influenced the carcass yield and 110-ppm dose showed higher breast yield than other levels. Abdominal fat was not affected by the MON levels in the diets. The use of MON positively affected the broiler F/G. The birds weight gain was not affected, even with reduced CR.