Antonio McDaniel

A Theory of Immigration and Racial Stratification.

Racial systems must have mechanisms for determining who is in which race for that determines where people families and other groups fit into the racial hierarchy. In the United States immigration has played an important role in shaping that hierarchy. Immigrants enter the United States and are assimilated into the dominant social organization and this process includes assimilation into the system of racial stratification.... We will focus on this latter aspect of the immigrant experience. First we briefly outline the origins of the U.S. racial system. Second we suggest ways to broaden the literature that studies race and finally we present a model for studying the relationship between immigration and racial stratification. (EXCERPT)

Racial differences in household and family structure at the turn of the century.

Using recently available data drawn from the 1910 census manuscripts, this article documents sharp racial differences in family and household structure at the turn of the century. Compared with those of native whites, African-American households were less likely to be nuclear and more likely to be headed by women. Further, African-American women were much more likely than white women to have surviving children who were not living with them at the time of the census. Because such historical differences parallel contemporary ones, the authors call for greater attention to persistent structural, cultural, and demographic factors that affect racial different in family structure.

Historical racial differences in living arrangements of children.

The African American family is not simply a product of existing social conditions but a reflection of a history and a culture that has been conducive to the survival of the African American population. The effect of social and economic exploitation and exclusion of the African population in America during slavery and its aftermath is summarized by a historical approach, which is sensitive to culture. The contemporary household structures of the European and African American populations differ in a similar although more extreme manner than in the past.

THE POWER OF CULTURE: A Review of the Idea of Africa's Influence on Family Structure in Antebellum America

American Indian, African, and European culture distinguish American histo ry from 1619 to 1870. Yet, African and American Indian cultures are given secondary importance in understanding the American population. This paper argues that culture is critical for a proper understanding of African American family patterns. The African Ameri can family is not simply a functional adaptation to new social conditions, but a product of history and culture that has been conducive to the survival of the African American family. The effect of racism and economic exploitation on the African population in America during slavery was tempered by its African past.

New Model Life Tables for High-Mortality Populations

In this article we present a new model life-table system designed for use in high-mortality populations. It combines features of existing model life tables with new data on a population having exceptionally high mortality. The data pertain to the population of African Americans who moved to Liberia in the period between 1820 and 1843. These new data provide a previously unavailable baseline on which high-mortality models can be anchored. (EXCERPT)

Patterns of Mortality by Age and Cause of Death among Nineteenth-Century Immigrants to Liberia

The majority of studies relating to mortality conditions in nineteenth-century Africa deal with the small number of white settlers or visitors. This paper examines the level and causes of mortality in Liberia of Africans who emigrated from the United States. We describe crude and age-standardized death rates by cause of death, and examine the age pattern of mortality and its conformity to existing models of age patterns for causes of death. The results of this analysis indicate that the age pattern of mortality of the Liberian immigrant population recapitulates rather precisely existing models of age patterns for all causes of death, and from specific causes.

Did Africans live longer in the antebellum United States? The sensitivity of mortality estimates of enslaved Africans.

This article argues that the accepted view of the mortality of enslaved Africans in the United States rests on fragile estimates; these estimates are not robust to flaws in the data....We examine the sensitivity of previous life table estimates for the African population of the United States to assumptions about the data. We combine modern demographic techniques and new model life tables--the Liberian model life tables--developed for the study of historical mortality....We focus our attention on two periods: 1850 to 1860 and 1860 to 1870. These periods cover the two major events that could have had an impact on the data namely the illegal slave trade and the American Civil War. (EXCERPT)

African Emigres in the United States: A Missing Link in Africa's Social and Economic Development.

Preface Introduction Emigrant Characteristics The Return Decision Economic Impact Analysis Emigrant Role in Africas Private Sector Development Foreign Policy and Economic Aid Implications Policy Responses Bibliography Index

The Power of Culture

American Indian, African, and European culture distinguish American history from 1619 to 1870. Yet, African and American Indian cultures are given secondary importance in understanding the American population. This paper argues that culture is critical for a proper understanding of African American family patterns. The African American family is not simply a functional adaptation to new social conditions, but a product of history and culture that has been conducive to the survival of the African American family. The effect of racism and economic exploitation on the African population in America during slavery was tempered by its African past.

Separate Societies: Poverty and Inequality in U.S. Cities.

CONTENTS: 1. The End of an Era: Divided We Fall 2. Separate Assets: Race, Gender and Other Dimensions of Poverty 3. Separate Opportunities: Competition Versus Inclusion - The International Dimensions of American Urban Poverty 4. Separate Places: The Changing Shape of the American Metropolis 5. Rebuilding the American City