Antonio Muench

The effect of specimen dimensions on the flexural strength of a composite resin

UNLABELLED PUORPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of specimen dimensions on the flexural strength of a composite resin (Heliomolar RO). METHODS The different dimensions tested - length x width x height (mm) were: 25x2x4; 25x2x2 (ISO 4049); 15x2x2; 10x2x2 and 10x2x1. Light-curing was performed at 600 mW/cm² for 40s, three times along the 25mm specimens, twice along 15mm specimen and once for the 10mm specimens. Specimens of all dimensions were light-cured on both surfaces, or only on one side. In the latter, the load was applied on the irradiated side or on the opposite one. RESULTS It was shown that the flexural strength was not affected by specimen length. When light-curing was performed on both surfaces, similar flexural strength values were obtained for any dimension. Despite the number of irradiated surfaces, specimens with a height of 1mm also obtained similar values. On the contrary, specimens with a height of 4mm, exposed only on one surface, reached the lowest strength. CONCLUSION The use of specimens with lower dimensions can lead to flexural strength values similar to the ones obtained with standardized specimen (ISO 4049), with the advantage of demanding less amount of material and being less time consuming.

Effect of the C-factor and dentin preparation method in the bond strength of a mild self-etch adhesive.

This study evaluated the effect of the C-factor and dentin preparation method (DPM) in the bond strength (BS) of a mild self-etch adhesive; the study also observed the SEM superficial aspects of the corresponding smear layer. For purposes of this study, 25 molars (n=5) were used in a bond strength test. The molars were divided into two parts (buccal and lingual): one part received a Class V cavity (C-factor=3) and the other received a flat surface (C-factor=0) with the same bur type (coarse diamond or carbide bur and fine diamond or carbide bur), both within the same dentin depth. Five teeth were prepared with wet 60-grit and 600-grit SiC papers. After restoration with Clearfil SE Bond, microtensile beans (0.8 mm2) were prepared and tested after 24 hours in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/minute). An additional two teeth for each DPM were prepared for SEM evaluation of the smear layer superficial aspects. The BS values were submitted to one-way ANOVA, considering only the DPM (flat surfaces) and two-way ANOVA (C-Factor x DPM, considering only burs) with p=0.05. Although the DPM in the flat surfaces was not significant, the standard deviations of carbide bur-prepared specimens were markedly lower. The BS was significantly lower in cavities. The fine carbide bur presented the most favorable smear layer aspect. It was concluded that different dentin preparation methods could not prevent the adverse effect in bond strength of a high C-factor. A coarse cut carbide bur should be avoided prior to a mild self-etch adhesive, because it adversely affected bond strength. In contrast, a fine cut carbide bur provided the best combination: high bond strength with low variability, which suggests a more reliable bond strength performance.

Effect of light-activation methods and water storage on the flexural strength of two composite resins and a compomer

The present study evaluated the flexural strength of three composite resins recommended for direct esthetic restorations: a polyacid modified composite (Dyract AP), a unimodal composite resin (Filtek Z250) and a hybrid composite resin (Point 4). The variation factors, apart from the type of composite resin, were the light activation method and the water storage period. The composite resins were light-cured in continuous mode (40 s, 500 mW/cm2) or in ramp mode (0-800 mW/cm2 for 10 s followed by 30 s at 800 mW/cm2) and stored for 24 hours or 30 days in distilled water at 37 degrees C. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons (alpha = 0.05). The composite resin Z250 presented the highest mean flexural strength (166.74 MPa) and Dyract AP presented the lowest one (129.76 MPa). The storage for 30 days decreased the flexural strength in ramp mode (24 h: 156.64 MPa; 30 days: 135.58 MPa). The light activation method alone did not lead to different flexural strength values.

The effect of long-term storage on the microleakage of composite resin restorations: qualitative and quantitative evaluation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of storage periods of 24 hours and 3 months on the microleakage of class II cavities. Two methods of assessing microleakage were also compared. Class II cavities were prepared in sound human molars. MO cavities were restored using ABF experimental (Kuraray Medical Inc.) + Z250 composite resin (3M ESPE), and DO cavities were restored using Single Bond (3M ESPE) + Z250. After different storage periods, specimens were thermocycled, immersed in a dye (0.5% methylene blue solution for 4 h) and longitudinally sectioned. Dye penetration was scored according to a 0-4 scale. The extent of microleakage was measured using the ImageLab 2000 program. A statistically significant correlation was verified between both evaluation methods (r = 0.978, p < 0.001). ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between the tested adhesive systems regarding microleakage (p < 0.001), although it was not influenced by the different storage periods.

Forças de mordida relacionadas a próteses parciais removíveis inferiores

The purpose of this study was to determine the biting forces of individuals wearing classes I, II or III partially removable mandibular dentures. Upper jaws presented fixed bridges, classes I, II or III partially removable dentures, or complete dentures. Measurements of biting forces were obtained by a gnathodynamometer. The conclusions were: classes I and II presented low biting forces, specially far from the last abutment tooth; when the opposite arcade was a complete denture, biting forces were low; males presented higher biting forces than females; natural molars and bicuspids presented higher biting forces with class III than with classes I or II.

Resistência de união entre liga de níquel-cromo e cimentos resinosos

The purpose of the investigation was to test tensile strength between Ni-Cr alloy and adhesive cements. Variables were: three cements (Comspan, Panavia Ex and All-Bond CB four surface treatments (smooth, sandblasted, electrolytic etching and silicoater); two types of storage (3 and 30 days in NaCl 0.9% solution at 37° C, performing in the latter 600 thermocycles at 5 and 55° C). Specimens were discs obtained through conventional casting procedures and cemented together two by two. Opposite sides of cementing discs were provided with a loop for fixing to the testing equipment. Conclusions were that: smooth surfaces presented very low retentivity and those with silicoater a very high one; Panavia Ex with sandblasting also led to very high retention; highest retention was obtained with the combination silicoater/All-Bond C&B.

Dureza knoop de resinas compostas em função do número relativo de radicais livres

The present study had the purpose of determining the relative number of free radicals of three composites with clear and dark colors. Intensities of irradiation were: 110, 180, 300, and 580 mW/cm2, for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 90 seconds. Hardness was determined for the clear colors of the composites, using 110 and 300 mW/cm2 irradiation intensities, for 20, 40, 60, and 80 seconds, on front and deep surfaces, at the ages of 5 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month. The conclusions were that: depending on the resin, clear colors present more free radicals; the number of free radicals increases with higher intensity and longer irradiation time; composite Z100 is much richer in free radicals than Silux Plus and Heliomolar RO; higher intensity of irradiation leads to increasing hardness; longer irradiation time increases hardness of Silux Plus and Heliomolar RO, but not that of Z100; hardness increases with age; in depth hardness is very low; Z100 is much harder than the other two resins; Z100 is less sensitive to irradiation intensity.

The influence of handling on the elasticity of addition silicone putties

The handling of vinyl polysiloxane (addition silicone) impression putties with latex gloves is said to interfere with the setting of these impression materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of handling techniques on the setting of vinyl polysiloxane impression putties using several types of gloves. The setting of these materials was evaluated by means of an elasticimeter. Four vinyl polysiloxane putty impression materials and five brands of gloves (one made of vinyl, one of synthetic rubber, and three of natural rubber) were studied. Based on the type of glove, they were previously washed or not, and a spatula was used or not for initial mixing (before handmixing). The vinyl, the synthetic and one of the natural rubber gloves did not require the previous washing procedure and/or the use of a spatula for initial mixing. Two other natural rubber gloves - depending on the silicone -, showed satisfactory results only when the initial mixing was performed with a spatula. It was concluded that setting inhibition depends on the kind of vinyl polysiloxane impression material and the kind of gloves used, but when the initial mixing was performed with the spatula this setting inhibition was overcome. The results of this study also showed that it is possible to associate cross-contamination control and satisfactory performance of addition silicone putty materials. When doubts arise from the compatibility between vinyl polysiloxane impression putties and gloves, the initial mixing should be performed with a spatula.

Resistência de união entre cimentos e liga de níquel-cromo, em função da ciclagem térmica e variações no procedimento de união

We evaluated tensile bond strengths between a nickel-chromium alloy and cements at different times (one and 90 days) using or not thermocycling. Alloy used was Litecast B, and luting cements were Ketac-Cem, Vitremer, and Fluoride Enforce with three variations: a) only primer; b) with primer and bond; c) only with bond. Metallic discs with 6 mm diameter were cemented together and immersed in distilled water. Half specimens were thermocycled and half one not. Conclusions were: Ketac-Cem presented low bonding strength, being that of Vitremer very higher; the material Enforce when used only with primer increased adhesion with time but yet remained relatively low after 90 days; Enforce used with bond only achieved superior adhesion, still present specially with termocycling after 90 days; influence of thermocycling depends on adhesive system.

Falhas de grampos circunferenciais de próteses removíveis em função de ciclagens de flexão

The purpose of this research was to study the frequency of retention loss of removable partial denture clasps. Loss of retention was determined after several cycling periods (initially zero, and 1, 5, 15 and 25 thousand). Frequency was based on the number of vacant spaces when the clasp failed by rupture or retention loss under 120g. Thus, the number of vacant spaces depends on the number of clasps fractured and/or that lost retention. Other variables were: four base metal alloys, two types of clasps (standard and extra, which was thinner), and two teeth (premolar and molar). The conclusions were that: the number of vacant spaces depends on alloys with or without adjustment; with adjustment the extra clasp presented less failures; frequency of clasp failures is very high and almost half occurred up to 1,000 cycles.