Antonio Rodolfo

Nanocompósitos de Poli(Cloreto de Vinila) (PVC)/argilas organofílicas

In recent years, organic-inorganic nanocomposites have received great attention due to the excellent possibility of improving the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of polymer matrix by the addition of small amounts of nanoscaled inorganic fillers to it. Nanoscale silicate layers of organically modified clay are usually dispersed in a polymer matrix to improve its properties. Because of the nanoscale effects, polymer/silicate layers of organically modified nanocomposites often exhibit significant improvement in strength, modulus, thermal resistance, and gas permeability barrier properties with far less silicate content than regular filler used those in conventionally filled polymer composites. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), as an important commercial polymer, has been studied and used widely in industrial fields for many years. However, due to its inherent limitations, such as low thermal stability, brittleness and smoke evolution, PVC and its composites usually face some limitations in certain applications. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new PVC products with differentiated properties and performance in order to yield high added values and broaden PVC applications and in this regard the development of nanocomposites of PVC / silicates presents a very interesting way to prepare high performance PVC composites.

Nanocompósitos de PVC com argila organicamente modificada: efeitos do processamento e do método de incorporação da argila

Nanocomposites of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and an organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) were prepared using different production approaches to assess possible effects on the degree of clay intercalation/exfoliation. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied using X ray diffratometry and transmission electron microscopy. Tensile properties and static thermal stability were also evaluated. Hybrid intercalated/partially exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained, regardless of whether the PVC compound was processed from the powder (dry blend) or granulated (extruded) samples, or of the methodology used for incorporation of O-MMT into the PVC compound (directly in the intensive mixer or pre-exfoliated in a hot mixture of DIDP/ESO). The plasticizers, present in the flexible PVC compound, exerted an important role in the process of intercalation and exfoliation of the clay, helping the formation of the nanocomposites.

Mecanismos de degradação e estabilização térmica do PVC: a review

This paper presents a review of PVC thermal degradation and stabilization. The main degradation mechanisms for this resin are shown and correlated to structural defects present in the polymer, as well the stabilization principlesThis paper presents a review of PVC thermal degradation and stabilization. The main degradation mechanisms for this resin are shown and correlated to structural defects present in the polymer, as well the stabilization principles

Estudo das Propriedades Mecânicas de um Composto de PVC Modificado com Fibras de Bananeira

Mechanical properties (tensile and impact resistance), specific weight and phase morphology of PVC/banana tree fiber composites were evaluated in this paper. The fibers were extracted from de pseudostem of the banana tree and mixed with a rigid PVC compound in the proportions of 5, 10 and 20% in volume by the extrusion process. Specimens were ob- tained by injection molding. The composites showed improvement of the impact and tensile properties, reduction of the specific weight, making possible the production of final products.

Estado de mistura e dispersão da fase borrachosa em blendas PVC/NBR

Thermoplastics modified with elastomers have attracted great interest of researchers and industries due to the low cost/benefit relationship and the possibility of significant increase in the toughness of brittle polymers through the incorporation of a dispersed rubber phase. This article shows the relationship between the interaction between phases and rubber phase dispersion in poly (vinyl chloride)/nitrile rubber blends. The interaction between components in polymer blends is an important factor to be considered in the development of this kind of materials because it determines the level of the mixture at the molecular level. The particulate nature of PVC and the degree of nitrile groups in the NBR are responsible to the PVC/NBR blends morphologies leading to an optimization of the mechanical properties when the rubber particles form a pseudo-network morphology with the rubber particles randomly dispersed in between the PVC primary particles.

Desenvolvimento de PVC reforçado com resíduos de Pinus para substituir madeira convencional em diversas aplicações

Resumo: Este trabalho avalia a viabilidade tecnica da obtencao de compositos lignocelulosicos de PVC, utilizando-se residuo de Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda como carga reforcativa. Foi desenvolvido um processo simples e economicamente viavel de tratamento de residuos industriais desta madeira, processo este baseado na secagem e revestimento das particu- las com lubrificantes funcionais e agentes de acoplamento utilizados como aditivos na industria do PVC, bem como no uso de equipamentos tradicionais da industria de processamento deste termoplastico. Foram avaliados os efeitos da incor- poracao da farinha de madeira em concentracoes variaveis e do tipo de agente de tratamento superficial utilizado na processabilidade do composto de PVC, bem como em propriedades finais do composito. Os resultados mostram que o desenvolvimento deste tipo de material composito e uma alternativa viavel para a substituicao da madeira convencional em diversas aplicacoes. Palavras-chave: PVC, poli(cloreto de vinila), farinha de madeira, reforco lignocelulosico, composito PVC/madeira. Development of PVC/wood composites for the replacement of conventional wood products Abstract: This work evaluates the technical viability of lignocellulosic vinyl composites, using residues of Pinus elliottii and Pinus taeda as the reinforcement fiber. A simple and economically viable process for the treatment of these industrial residues was developed. The process includes sieving, drying and treating the wood particles. Treatment is made with functional lubricants and coupling agents used as additives in the PVC industry. Extrusion was performed using traditional equipment available in the Brazilian PVC processing industry. The effect on the processability of the variable concentrations of the residues incorporated and the type of agent used for the treatment had been evaluated, as well as in the final properties of the composite. The results show that the development of this kind of composite material is a viable alternative for the substitution of conventional wood in diverse applications.

Análise do processo de gelificação de resinas e compostos de PVC suspensão

This paper analyses the relation between the degree of gelation of rigid unplasticised PVC compounds (U-PVC) and the mechanical properties of final products made of them. The morphology of PVC resins is analyzed in order to understand its development during the extrusion process and the influence in the gelation process, once the performance of the final product depends of it. The morphological development, the processing conditions, the thermal-mechanical environment and some techniques for its determination, such as scanning electron microscopy, are described. The degree of gelation and its quantification are determined using torque, rotational and capillary rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solvent immersion (dichloromethane).

Blendas PVC/NBR por processamento reativo I: desenvolvimento do processo de vulcanização Dinâmica in situ

Dynamic vulcanization is a process of vulcanization of an elastomer during melt mixing with a thermoplastic wich results in material called thermoplastic vulcanizates or TPVs. In this study, a new kind of TPV was obtained by in situ dynamic curing of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/nitrile rubber (NBR) blends. The crosslinking of PVC/NBR blends was accomplished using sulphur (S)/tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD) and mercaptobenzthiazyl disulphide (MBTS) curative system during the reactive processing. The blends of PVC/NBR at the ratio of 90/10; 80/20 and 70/30 wt. (%) were melt mixed using a Haake Rheomix 600 at 160 °C and rotor speed of 60 rpm. The curing behavior of NBR was investigated by a Monsanto Rheometer and the degree of cure was calculated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for different mixing times. It was observed that the degree of cure increases with the mixing time and the crosslinking system used in this work was considered efficient.

In Situ Dynamic Vulcanization of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)/Acrylonitrile-butadiene Rubber Blends

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) blends can be obtained through a dynamic vulcanization process as a melt-processible thermoplastic elastomer which produces parts that look, feel and perform like vulcanized rubber with the advantage of being processible as a thermoplastic material. In this study, a vulcanized thermoplastic was obtained by in situ dynamic vulcanization of PVC/NBR blends using a sulphur/ tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD) and mercaptobenzothiazyl disulphide (MBTS) curative system during processing at the melt state. The blends were melt-mixed using a Haake Rheomix 600. The curing behavior of NBR was then investigated by a Monsanto rheometer. The thermal analyses were performed and the cross-linking at different mixing times was calculated using DSC. FT-IR was also performed for characterization of the blends. The cross-link densities of the samples were measured by a swelling method. The degree of cure increases with the mixing time. The cross-linking formation was verified through the formation of C─ S bonds in the blends.

Blendas PVC/NBR por processamento reativo II: caracterização físico-mecânica e morfológica

Dynamic vulcanization is a process of vulcanization of an elastomer during melt mixing with a thermoplastic. This process increases the mechanical resistance of elastomers through the increase of elastic modulus, hardness and abrasion/fatigue resistance. In this study, it was evaluated the physical-mechanical and morphological behaviors of the PVC/NBR blends obtained by reactive processing. The dynamic vulcanized blends have a better performance compared to the similar conventional ones. It was observed an increase of 205% in the elastic modulus to the dynamic vulcanized blend PVC/NBR (90/10) compared with the conventional blends. The morphology of the blends examined by scanning electron microscopy evidenced the crosslinking formation only in the elastomeric phase. The vulcanized rubber particles are responsible by the increase of stiffness and consequently displayed better mechanical properties.