Antti Eisalo
University of Helsinki
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BMJ | 1965
Antti Eisalo; Pentti A. Järvinen; Tapani Luukkainen
In a previous study in postmenopausal women elevated serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were found in every case whereas other workers found no evidence of abnormal liver function in premenopausal women. A study is reported which was undertaken to explain this apparent discrepancy. The incidence of abnormal liver-function tests was studied in 109 premenopausal women (mean age 29.4) taking contraceptive tablets. Volidan was given to 45 women and Lyndiol to 39 women aged 17-41 for contraception; Orgametril was administered therapeutically to 25 women aged 23-52. Standard liver-function tests were performed at regular intervals in every case. The same low incidence of abnormal results was found in the Volidan and Orgametril groups; serum-transaminase levels were raised in 4% of women and the bromsulphthalein (BSP) retention was increased in 19%. In the Lyndiol group however the incidence was much higher with raised serum-transaminase levels in 18% of cases and increased BSP retention in 48%. In all cases the liver-function tests returned to normal within 4 weeks of withdrawal of the drug.
BMJ | 1966
Pentti Koskelo; Antti Eisalo; Ilkka Toivonen
One infant was microcephalic, and both infants showed delay in motor development. The C.S.F. protein was increased in both cases, but the fits which occurred in the first two days of life in Case 1 may have been due to hypoglycaemia. An episode of collapse and loss of consciousness in this infant at 21 months of age was associated with a bulging fontanelle and high C.S.F. protein. Virus was not isolated from the C.S.F. as it has been in some cases (Korones et al., 1965). Eye defects were found in both cases. In Case 1 cataract, corneal oedema, and buphthalmos were present, and in Case 2 the cataracts were not apparent until 4 weeks of age. Development of cataracts after birth has been reported by Banatvala et al. (1965). Deafness was detected in Case 2. The persistence of rubella neutralizing antibody was demonstrated in both infants. In Case 1 serum taken on the second day of life had an antibody titre of 4, which was much lower than the mothers (128). This finding may represent rapid elimination of maternal antibody due to virus infection in the infant (Soothill, personal communication, 1965). Subsequent antibody titres in the childs serum at 3, 4, 6, and 9 months of age were 32, 32, 64, and 64 respectively. Unfortunately, owing to a shortage of serum, it was not possible to repeat the test on the first specimen of serum to determine whether there was in fact a significant rise in titre between the initial and subsequent sera, the latter being tested together. Apart from this possible rise in titre, active immunity was indicated by the persistence of antibody to the age of 9 months, by which time passively transferred maternal antibody is unlikely to be detected. In Case 2 antibody persisted in the infants serum from 3 to 6 months of age, again confirming active rather than passive immunity. Estimation of immunoglobulin levels showed that both infants had high levels of IgM for their ages. This confirms by a quantitative method the findings of Alford (1965) and of Bellanti et al. (1965), who used the qualitative technique of immunoelectrophoresis. IgG levels were relatively high in Case 1 at 8 months and in Case 2 at 6 months of age. The absence of IgA in Case 2 at 6 months may be abnormal for her age, but further follow-up is required. In both cases it is probable that the elevated IgM was due to the antigenic stimulus of rubella virus, but the presence of liver disease must be regarded as a possible factor (Soothill, personal communication, 1965). The infectiousness of congenital rubella is illustrated by both cases, as several contacts developed rubella. The period of virus excretion was found to be three months in Case 1 and at least eight months in Case 2. It may occasionally be as long as nine months (Lambert et al., 1965). This presents a problem in providing the necessary isolation facilities during the prolonged period of hospitalization that may be necessary, and in avoiding contact with anyone in the early months of pregnancy.
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica | 1968
Antti Eisalo; Arvo Heino; Veikko Räsänen
Liver-function tests were studied in 40 postmenopausal women receiving synthetic steroids. 10 received .15 mg mestranol daily 10 received 5 mg lynestrenol 10 received .05 mg 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol and 10 received 4 mg megestrol acetate daily. In the 2nd phase of the test the estrogen groups had the progestin compound added and the progestin group had the estrogen added. However 4 serious thromboembolic phenomena during this phase and therapy was discontinued. The subjects were aged 52-78 years and used no drugs known to produce intrahepatic cholestasis. Laboratory tests included serum total bilirubin thymol turbidity alkaline phosphatase serum asp artate transaminase serum alanine transaminase serum cholesterol prothrombin index and bromsulphthalein retention (BSP). All tests were normal with ethinyl estradiol; 1 of the 10 showed slight BSP retention increase when megestrol acetate was added. In 5 of 9 treated with mestranol there developed increased BSP and in 1 of this group elevated serum transaminases levels occurred. 8 of the 10 lynestrenol women showed increased BSP retention. When treatment was continued with the combination of lynestrenol-mestranol BSP retention increased still further in the 4 of 6 women still in the study and in this group serum transaminases were most clearly elevated.
Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | 1973
Christina Raitta; Antti Eisalo; Rainer Fogelholm; Kirsti Takki
In order to analyse the essential parameters of the ocular pulse wave, oculosphygmography (OSG) combined with electrocardiography was performed on 45 healthy volunteers. The method was applied on 23 patients with symptoms of ischaemic cerebrovascular disease or ischaemia of one upper limb. All these 23 patients were examined with aortic arch angiography. A statistical analysis of the results obtained from the healthy volunteers showed that the time from the R of the QRS complex of ECG to the onset of the pulse wave t (R-f), and to the peak of the ocular pulse wave t (R-p) were the most constant parameters. The amplitude (h), and the ascending (α) and descending slopes (β) of the pulse wave showed considerable interand intraindividual variation. Analysis of the results in occlusive disease of the cervical arteries showed the t (R-f) and t (R-p) to be most easily affected. The results indicated that the need of considerable circulatory impairment, either stenosis or total occlusion of one or more cervical arteries brought about a significant change in the pulse wave. Thus the method does not seem useful for screening purposes. Oculosphygmographie und gleichzeitige Elektrokardiographie wurde bei 45 Versuchspersonen vorgenommen um die Parameter des ocularen Pulses zu analysieren. Außerdem wurde die Methode an 23 Patienten mit Stenosen und Oclusionen der Cervicalarterien getestet. Alle Patienten waren mittels aortocervicaler Angiographie untersucht worden. Die statistische Analyse der Resultate zeigte, daß die Zeit von der R-Zacke des EKG s zum Fuß der ocularen Pulswelle [t (R-f)] und zum Kopf des Pulses [t (R-p)] konstant waren. Dagegen variierte die Amplitude, sowie der ansteigende wie auch der absteigende Winkel der Pulswelle ansehnlich sowohl interals auch intraindividuell. Bei occlusiven Prozessen in den Halsarterien traten Veränderungen der t (R-f) und t (R-p) am ehesten auf. Es zeigte sich, daß nur erhebliche Zirkulationsveränderungen, entweder Stenose oder totale Occlusion einer oder mehrerer Arterien, zu signifikanten Veränderungen der ocularen Pulswelle führten. Aus diesem Grunde scheint die Methode nicht zur Screening geeignet.
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica | 1966
Antti Eisalo; Tapani Luukkainen; Pentti A. Järvinen
It has been shown before that treatment with an oral contraceptive drug results in elevation of the serum transaminase levels and affects the excretion of broms~phthalein in postmenopausal women (Eisalo et al. 1964). However, it was not possible to obtain conclusive evidence as to whether the oestrogen component (mestranol) of the drug alone or the synergistic action of oestrogen and progestogen was responsible for the abnormal results observed in the liver function tests. Further, there was a higher incidence of abnormal results in the liver function tests in the pre-menopausal women when a preparation (Lyndiol) was given in which the oestrogen was methylated and the progestogen component was a nor-testosterone derivative than when a preparation containing a non-methylated oestrogen (Volidan), with a pregnane derivative, progestogen, was used (Eisalo et al. 1965). Therefore it was deemednecessary to investigate the importance of the oestrogen and especially the methylation of the phenolic hydroxyl, using the same progestogen component from the pregnane series.
BMJ | 1964
Antti Eisalo; Pentti A. Järvinen; Tapani Luukkainen
Acta Medica Scandinavica | 2009
Antti Kohvakka; Antti Eisalo; Vesa Manninen
Acta Medica Scandinavica | 2009
Antti Eisalo; Olavi Leskinen; Martti Oka
Acta Medica Scandinavica | 2009
Risto Kala; Matti Viitasalo; Lauri Toivonen; Antti Eisalo
Acta Medica Scandinavica | 2009
Antti Eisalo; Arvo Heino; Jussi Munter