Anupam Singhal

A study on treatment methods of spent pickling liquor generated by pickling process of steel

Metals to be coated require pre-treatment to remove rust or scale, impurities and inorganic contaminants. In steel industries, pickling process generates a considerable quantity of Spent Pickle Liquor (SPL) containing the dissolved metal salts of iron, chromium, copper, nickel and zinc as well as residual free acid. The waste generated by metal pickling and electroplating industries is identified as hazardous solid waste as per Indian Standards and United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of treatment methods of spent pickling liquor generated by pickling line of steel. The discussion shows that treatment method depends upon the quantity, quality and composition of SPL. Experimental modelling helps in better understanding of treatment process and also craft process more technically and economically feasible.

Land use/ land cover information from various classification methods of Shekhawati region of Rajasthan

In the present study, variation in classification methods is discussed. We adopted the three classification methods and compare them with the Authority records for land use classes. Finally, Knowledge Classification (KC) is used to create the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map. Although the classification results from the Knowledge classification method were better than those obtained with the supervised and unsupervised method, but there are problem with the area which have less pixel count and intermixing of spectral information are present. KC will help in faster updation of Map at regional and local level for LULC categories with better accuracy than supervised classification. It helps in many aspects of Land planning and avoid conflicts among various stakeholders in Land classification.