Anya Lunden

S215. THE APROSODY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: COMPUTATIONALLY DERIVED ACOUSTIC PHONETIC UNDERPINNINGS OF MONOTONE SPEECH

Abstract Background Acoustic phonetics methods are useful in examining some symptoms of schizophrenia; we used such methods to understand the underpinnings of aprosody. We hypothesized that compared to controls and patients without clinically rated aprosody, patients with aprosody would exhibit reduced variability in: pitch, jaw/mouth opening and tongue height (formant F1), tongue front/back position and/or lip rounding (F2), and intensity/loudness. Methods Audio-recorded speech was obtained from 98 patients (including 25 with clinically rated aprosody and 29 without) and 102 unaffected controls using five tasks: one pertaining to describing a drawing (Task 1), two based on spontaneous speech elicited through a question (Tasks 2 and 3), and two based on reading prose (Tasks 4 and 5). We compared the three groups (patients with aprosody, patients without aprosody, and controls) in terms of variation in pitch, formants F1 and F2, and intensity/loudness. Results Phonetic values were generally highly correlated across the five speech tasks. Regarding pitch variation, in unadjusted tests, patients with aprosody differed significantly from controls in Tasks 3 and 4; for Task 5, the difference was statistically significant in both unadjusted tests and those adjusted for sociodemographics. For the standard deviation (SD) of F1, the expected pattern was observed in the two reading tasks in adjusted tests (lower values for patients with aprosody, intermediate values for patients without aprosody and higher values for controls). Regarding SD of F2, patients with aprosody had lower values than controls in unadjusted tests across all tasks; in adjusted tests the expected pattern was observed in the two spontaneous speech tasks. Comparisons of variation in intensity/loudness, despite a much smaller sample size of participants with data on this variable, showed the expected pattern in adjusted tests. Discussion Although values of each individual parameter across the five tasks tend to be highly correlated, it appears that different types of prompts for obtaining audio-recorded speech may in fact produce some differences across phonetic parameters. For example, whereas loudness appeared to be blunted equally across all of our tasks, variation in both pitch and F1 were blunted most obviously in the reading tasks, and reduced variation in F2 was most apparent in the two spontaneous speech tasks. Small sample size, no measures of negative symptoms in healthy controls and not controlling for patients’ medications are the main limitations of this work. Nonetheless, findings could represent a step toward developing new methods for measuring and tracking the severity of this specific negative symptom using acoustic phonetics parameters. Such work is relevant to other psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Vowel-length contrasts and phonetic cues to stress: an investigation of their relation

The functional load hypothesis of Berinstein (1979) put forward the idea that languages which use a suprasegmental property (duration, F0) contrastively will not use it to realise stress. The functional load hypothesis is often cited when stress correlates are discussed, both when it is observed that the language under discussion follows the hypothesis and when it fails to follow it. In the absence of a more wide-ranging assessment of how frequently languages do or do not conform to the functional load hypothesis, it is unknown whether it is an absolute, a strong tendency, a weak tendency or unsupported. The results from a database of reported stress correlates and use of contrastive duration for 140 languages are presented and discussed. No support for the functional load hypothesis is found.