April R. Trees

Telling Tales: Enacting Family Relationships in Joint Storytelling About Difficult Family Experiences

Narratives help people make sense of difficult experiences. In addition, stories provide insight into peoples conceptualizations of the world, including their understanding of their family relationships. Given these two functions of storytelling, the ways in which family members tell stories about difficult experiences together should reveal or reflect relational qualities. This project focused on how the family relational context relates to jointly-enacted sense-making behaviors as families tell stories of shared difficult experiences. Findings indicate that interactional sense-making behaviors, in particular coherence and perspective-taking, predict important family relational qualities. This suggests that family qualities affect and are reflected in the likelihood that family members will engage in productive sense-making behaviors as a unit when talking about a shared difficult experience.

Relating Online Managing Dialectical Contradictions in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game Relationships

The theory of dialectical contradictions (L. A. Baxter & B. M. Montgomery, 1996) is used to examine relationships developed in a Chinese online role-playing game, Legend of Mir. Analysis of discourse on a Web-based Legend-theme bulletin board system and a series of online articles identified oppositional tensions in discussion about relationships. Seven contradictions representing three basic thematic families—integration—separation, expression—nonexpression, and stability—change—were identified. Four contradictions signified internal tensions between relational partners, and the rest addressed a relationships connection with others. Players coped with these contradictions in various ways, drawing on game infrastructure and elements of offline life.

Nonverbal and Verbal Approach Behaviors Related to Reported and Perceived Support Seeking Goals in Conversations

This study investigated interaction behaviors associated with young adult children’s desire to obtain emotion‐ and problem‐focused support in conversations with their mothers. It also explored the relationship between young adult children’s behaviors and mothers’ judgments that children wanted each type of support. Approach behaviors in support episodes reflect a distressed individual’s willingness to approach the problem and/or feelings about the problem. These include both negatively valenced nonverbal arousal cues and problem‐ and feeling‐related verbal disclosure. Findings provide support for the link between some nonverbal arousal cues and mothers’ perceptions that young adult children wanted problem‐focused support, but not for the expectation that children’s arousal cues would relate to their reported support goals. In contrast, verbal emotion disclosure predicted children’s desire to obtain both support types but was unrelated to mothers’ judgments.

Family Communication about End-of-Life Decisions and the Enactment of the Decision-Maker Role

End-of-life (EOL) decisions in families are complex and emotional sites of family interaction necessitating family members coordinate roles in the EOL decision-making process. How family members in the United States enact the decision-maker role in EOL decision situations was examined through in-depth interviews with 22 individuals who participated in EOL decision-making for a family member. A number of themes emerged from the data with regard to the enactment of the decision-maker role. Families varied in how decision makers enacted the role in relation to collective family input, with consulting, informing and collaborating as different patterns of behavior. Formal family roles along with gender- and age-based roles shaped who took on the decision-maker role. Additionally, both family members and medical professionals facilitated or undermined the decision-maker’s role enactment. Understanding the structure and enactment of the decision-maker role in family interaction provides insight into how individuals and/or family members perform the decision-making role within a cultural context that values autonomy and self-determination in combination with collective family action in EOL decision-making.

Quality Interactions and Family Storytelling

This study examined how individuals’ satisfaction with their family, as well as the ways they negotiated the telling of a family story, combined to predict their perceived quality of the storytelling interaction. Drawing from family members’ (150 individuals, 50 families) joint telling of an often told family story, multilevel modeling analyses revealed significant variance within and between families’ perceived quality of their storytelling interaction. These variances were explained by family satisfaction and family-level ratings of engagement during storytelling. These findings drive our suggestions for future assessment of multiple members’ perspectives of joint family storytelling interactions.

Problematic Integration and Family Communication about Decisions at the End of Life

ABSTRACT Making a decision on behalf of a family member at the end of life (EOL) is a highly uncertain and anxiety-ridden experience. To examine how families navigate this complex, emotionally stressful situation, Problematic Integration theory was applied as a lens for understanding EOL decision experiences managed in the context of the family. Drawing on qualitative data from interviews with 22 family members who participated in family conversations about an end-of-life decision, this study demonstrated that family members encounter multiple sources of uncertainty and divergence, including questions regarding whether or not a family member’s life is ending, what the decision should be, and who should make or participate in the decision. Family members’ stories also identified ways in which medical professionals and communication about the wishes of the patient helped family members manage problematic integration. Finally, findings revealed experiences where problematic orientations were not transformed after family members made an EOL decision.