Arbind Kumar Choudhary

A Comparative Analysis of Dietary Habits on Sensory Motor Association and Heart Rate Variability during Menstrual Cycle.

INTRODUCTIONnDietary habits can make a big difference on both physical and mental aspects of the body. Menstrual disorder frequently affects the quality of life of adolescent and young adult women. Menstrual cycle irregularities may be associated with psychological stress, and endocrine disturbances. Monitoring of sensory-motor association and cardiovascular activity across the menstrual cycle has not been evaluated with dietary habits.nnnAIMnThe present study was carried out to bridge the relationship between dietary habits and endogenous sex hormone mediated sensory motor association and heart rate variability (HRV) among young females during different phases of menstrual cycle.nnnMATERIALS AND METHODSnThe present study was carried out on healthy volunteered 100 female medical students in the age group of 19-25 years with regular menstrual cycle. Group I (n=45) vegetarians, Group II (n=25) eggetarians and Group III (n= 30) non-vegetarians, where n denotes the number of individuals in each group. Sensory-motor association (reaction time) and cardiovascular activity (HRV) was evaluated.nnnRESULTSnWe observed among all the dietary habits (vegetarians, eggetarians and non-vegetarians) the reaction time and HRV was comparable in follicular and menstrual phase, however it was significantly altered in luteal phase when compared to follicular and menstrual phase. Moreover, among all the dietary habits, non-vegetarians showed more significant alteration of reaction time and HRV in luteal phase when compared to vegetarians and eggetarians, as well as there was positive correlation between visual and auditory reaction time and negative correlation between LF and HF in luteal phase, among all the dietary habits.nnnCONCLUSIONnWe concluded sensorimotor association and regulation of autonomic tone is modified in luteal phase comparable to follicular phase and menstrual phase; however non-vegetarian had showed more significant alterations as compared to eggetarians and vegetarians. These suggest that sympathetic nervous activities are predominant in the luteal phase as compared to follicular phase, and this sympathetic dominance is more among non-vegetarians, which may be due to their higher BMI. The alterations in the balance of ovarian hormones might be responsible for these changes. Long-term intake of vegetarian diets may facilitate vagal regulation of the heart without increasing the sympathetic modulations of the cardiovascular system.

Evaluation of auditory evoked response among type-II diabetic individuals in central India

Background: The Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, as a result of damaged beta cell function, along with increase insulin resistance, either at receptor or at postreceptor levels. Neuropathies complications are the most common in diabetes, thatx92s may lead to delayed evoked potentials in the central pathways. n nAims and Objective: This study was undertaken to know the hearing status of the Type II diabetic patients and to delay development of its related complication like central neuropathy. n nMaterials and Methods: This study evaluates central neuropathy by brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) in Type II DM patients. n nResults: We observed significant differences in BERA latencies between diabetic patients and healthy controls. There was significantly delayed Wave II, IV latency in left ear (at 80 dB) and Wave II latency in left ear, as well as Wave IV latency in right ear (at 90 dB) as compared to control. Diabetics patients with and without peripheral neuropathy there were absolute delayed latencies of Wave I, III, and V (80 dB). With relation to blood glucose, a significant difference in absolute latencies of Wave II (right ear at 90 dB), Wave IV (in right ear at 90 dB), Wave V (left ear at 80 dB), and interpeak latencies I-V (in right ear at 90 band). n nConclusion: This study suggests that BERA is a simple, non-invasive procedure to detect early impairment of acoustic nerve, and central nervous system pathways, even in the absence o f specific symptoms, if BERA is carried out in diabetic patients, involvement of central neuronal axis can be detected earlier.

Sleep restriction progress to cardiac autonomic imbalance

Abstract Previous studies have shown that night shift work is thought to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and inadequate sleep is a common feature of night shift work. Since it’s more difficult to maintain adequate sleep duration among night watchmen during their working schedule, hence the purpose of our present study was to investigate whether mental stress or fatigue over restricted sleep period in night shift, affects HRV, in order to elucidate on cardiac autonomic modulation among nigh watchmen. With the purpose of this, autonomic activity determined from the levels of the heart rate variability (HRV), and also measured, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage from skin fold thickness (biceps, triceps, and sub-scapular, supra-iliac) among normal sleep watchmen) (n = 28) and restricted sleep watchmen (n = 28) at first (1st) day, fourth (4th) day and seventh (7th) day of restricted sleep period. We observed that among restricted sleep individuals, sleepiness was significant increase at 4th day and 7th day when compare to normal sleep individuals, and, there was significant increase in, mean NN, VLF, LF, LF(nu), LF/HF AND significant decrease in SDNN, RMSSD, TSP, HF, and HF(nu) at 4th and 7th day of restricted sleep period. In addition to, this variable was more significant increase on 7th day, when compare with 4th day. As well as there was significant negative correlation between LF(nu) and HF(nu) at subsequent 4th day [r (48) = −0.84; P = 0.01] and 7th day[r (48) = −0.95; P = 0.01] of restricted sleep period. However we didn’t observe any significant variation in BMI, and body fat percentage among restricted sleep individuals when compare to normal sleep individuals with in this restricted sleep periods. Hence we concluded that partial sleep loss may cause autonomic imbalance represented by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity; as revealed by altered HRV indices observed in this study.

Sleep restriction may lead to disruption in physiological attention and reaction time

Sleepiness is the condition where for some reason fails to go into a sleep state and will have difficulty in remaining awake even while carrying out activities. Sleep restriction occurs when an individual fails to get enough sleep due to high work demands. The mechanism between sleep restriction and underlying brain physiology deficits is not well assumed. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mental attention (P300) and reaction time [visual (VRT) and auditory (ART)] among night watchmen, at subsequent; first (1st) day, fourth (4th) day and seventh (7th) day of restricted sleep period. After exclusion and inclusion criteria, the study was performed among 50 watchmen (age=18–35 years) (n=50) after providing written informed consent and divided into two group. Group I-(Normal sleep) (n=28) working in day time and used to have normal sleep in night (≥8 h); Group II-(Restricted sleep) (n=22) - working in night time and used to have less sleep in night (≤3 h). Statistical significance between the different groups was determined by the independent student ʻtʼ test and the significance level was fixed at p≤0.05. We observed that among all normal and restricted sleep watchmen there was not any significant variation in Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) score, VRT and ART, along with latency and amplitude of P300 on 1st day of restricted sleep. However at subsequent on 4th day and 7th day of restricted sleep, there was significant increase in (KSS)score, and prolongation of VRT and ART as well as alteration in latency and amplitude of P300 wave in restricted sleep watchmen when compare to normal sleep watchmen. The present finding concludes that loss of sleep has major impact in dynamic change in mental attention and reaction time among watchmen employed in night shift. Professional regulations and work schedules should integrate sleep schedules before and during the work period as an essential dimension for their healthy life.