Arfa Kamil

Anti-urease activity of Mimusops elengi Linn (Sapotaceae).

Aim: Mimusops elengi L. (Sapotaceae) commonly known as Bakul is a small to large evergreen tree found all over the different parts of the world. Literature survey showed no reports on the anti urease activity of the flowers and leaves of Mimusops elengi. The present study was therefore envisaged to evaluate the anti urease activity of the methanolic extracts (MFE and MLE) of M. elengi. Study Design: Assessment of anti urease activity and total phenolic contents. Methodology: For the determination of total phenolic content of M. elengi extracts (MFE and MLE) the reaction mixture contained 50% Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (0.5 mL), 20% (w/v) sodium carbonate solution (2.5 mL), and gallic acid solution (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 g/ml) or sample extracts (1.0 Original Research Article Zahid et al.; EJMP, 6(4): 223-230, 2015; Article no.EJMP.2015.058 224 mL). Urease inhibition activity was determined by mixing Urease (Jack bean) method was employed for urease inhibition activity. Results: From the standard calibration curve of gallic acid the total phenolic contents in extracts (MFE and MLE) was found to be 7.50.28 mg/g, 96.84.6 mg/g. Urease inhibitory activity of M. elengi extracts (MFE and MLE) was comparable with standard Thiourea. The percentage urease inhibition of Thiourea was found to be 98.2%, IC50 88.2 ± 0.01 g/ml. The maximum urease inhibitory activity was shown by the leaves extract (MLE) i. e, 77.9% (IC50 62.1±1.20 g/ml) while methanolic extract of flower (MFE) produced 47.6% urease inhibition activity. The total phenolic contents in both methanolic extracts (MFE and MLE) was found to be 7.50.28 mg/g, 96.84.6 mg/g respectively. Conclusion: It is, therefore, concluded that this plant can be a sources to isolate some natural urease inhibitory agents.

Three new anthraquinone derivatives isolated from Symplocos racemosa and their antibiofilm activity

Three new alkyl substituted anthraquinone derivatives, trivially named as symploquinones A-C (Compounds 1-3) were isolated from Symplocos racemosa. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, Mass, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques). The resulting data were also compared with the reported literature. These compounds were then subjected to antibacterial or antibiofilm testing. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited good antibacterial activity in the concentration range of 160-83 μg·mL-1 against Streptococcus mutans, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Both compounds were further screened for anti-biofilm activity, which revealed promising activities at sub-MIC concentrations. None of the compounds were found to be active against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Synthesis, structure–activity relationship and antinociceptive activities of some 2-(2′-pyridyl) benzimidazole derivatives

In the present study, a new series of 2-(2′-pyridyl) benzimidazole derivatives 1–11 were resynthesized and evaluated for analgesic activity. The 2-(2′-pyridyl) benzimidazole was quaternized at its nitrogen atom in the ring with various substituted and unsubstituted phenacyl halides. As a result, eleven novel derivatives were synthesized. The structures of these new synthetic derivatives of 2-(2′-pyridyl) benzimidazole were confirmed by using different spectroscopic techniques i.e., UV/Visible, IR, 1HNMR and Mass spectroscopy. Percentage of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen was also determined by elemental analysis. All the synthetic compounds showed significant analgesic activity with dose-dependent manner.