Arianne Pontes Oriá

Generalized systemic cryptococcosis in a dog after immunosuppressive corticotherapy

A male Boxer dog aged 2 years and 11 months was referred to the veterinary hospital with a history of a gastrointestinal disorder of two months duration, with apathy, hyporexia, progressive weight loss and visual deficit. Ataxia and vocalization were observed during hospitalization. The animal had been treated previously with antibiotics and immunosuppressive doses of corticoids to control chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The dog died five days later. Gross and microscopic observations indicated systemic cryptococcosis. The alimentary tract, eyes, brain, kidneys, pancreas and lymph nodes were involved.

Uveitis in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis

Uveitis is a common disease in dogs with a multitude of causes, one of them being ehrlichiosis. This article reviews several uveitis etiologies, as well as the important aspects of canine ehrlichiosis, including its diagnosis and the main ophthalmic signs presented in these cases. It also reports the therapy that should be used.

Effects of nitrous oxide on IOP and pupillary diameter in dogs anesthetized with varying concentrations of desflurane

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nitrous oxide on IOP and pupillary diameter (PD) of dogs anesthetized with varying desflurane concentrations. ANIMALS STUDIED Twenty adult Mongrel dogs were used. METHODS They were anesthetized with propofol (10 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with varying concentrations of desflurane (1.6, 1.4, and 1.2 MAC) diluted in 100% oxygen (G1) or in 70% nitrous oxide and 30% oxygen (G2) (30 mL/kg/min). IOP was measured by applanation tonometry and horizontal PD was taken with a caliper adjacent to the cornea. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and end-tidal CO(2) (etCO2) were also measured. All parameters were measured at T0, T30, T45, and T60 time points. One-way repeated measures anova and the t-test were used to assess statistical differences (P < 0.05). RESULTS T30, T45, and T60 IOP measures were within normal limits for both groups and IOP did not differ between groups at any time. There was a significant decrease in PD in G1 between T0 and T30, T45 and T60, and also between T30 and T60. PD did not differ between groups. All vital parameters were within normal limits throughout anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS Administration of nitrous oxide with desflurane results in maintenance of normal IOP and prevents a decrease in horizontal PD during anesthesia. Therefore, this may be a suitable protocol in dogs undergoing intraocular surgeries that require mydriasis and maintenance of normal IOP.

OPHTHALMIC PATTERNS OF CAPTIVE BROWN BROCKET DEER (MAZAMA GOUAZOUBIRA)

Abstract Captive brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) were manually restrained to assess tear production by the Schirmer tear test I to measure intraocular pressure by applanation tonometry, to examine ocular conjunctival epithelial cells via cytologic and histologic samples, and to survey ocular conjunctival microflora by microbiologic culture. The mean value for the Schirmer tear test I was 8.9 ± 1.8 mm/min, and the mean intraocular pressure was 15.3 ± 3.1 mm Hg. Conjunctival epithelium contained stratified pavimentous layers of cells, and the microflora consisted of predominantly gram-positive bacteria.

Modified extracapsular extraction versus endocapsular phacoemulsification: intraoperative and immediate postoperative events

The clinical events and variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) that occur in endocapsular phacoemulsification technique were compared to the modified extracapsular extraction technique during the intraoperative and immediate postoperative periods. Phacoemulsification technique caused less corneal edema, less ocular discomfort and fewer postoperative complications than the modified extracapsular extraction technique. The observed increase in postoperative IOP, especially in the case of phacoemulsification, makes pressure monitoring mandatory, as well as the use of ocular hypotensive agents when the IOP exceeds acceptable limits.

Sclerocorneal limbal stem cell autograft transplantation in dogs

Avaliaram-se os efeitos do transplante de celulas tronco autogenas do limbo esclerocorneo de caes, sobre lesoes corneo-limbais. Empregaram-se 18 caes, distribuidos em dois grupos, GI e GII. Nos animais do GI (n=12), foram realizados transplantes de limbo, apos 30 dias da destruicao das celulas tronco-limbicas. Nos do GII (n=6), realizou-se apenas a destruicao do limbo (controle). Aos 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 e 120 dias do transplante de limbo (GI) e aos 33, 37, 45, 60, 90 e 150 dias da destruicao do limbo (GII), os olhos foram coletados por enucleacao subconjuntival, para estudos em microscopia de luz. A destruicao do limbo resultou em completa excisao das celulas tronco, com perda da transparencia corneal. O transplante do limbo evitou a conjuntivalizacao na area em que foi realizado. Os animais do grupo-controle manifestaram conjuntivalizacao em 360o e vascularizacao corneal. Na anatomopatologia, em nenhum dos periodos foi possivel distinguir o enxerto do epitelio corneal normal. As celulas caliciformes foram observadas nos animais do GII, nos periodos 33, 37, 60, 150 dias. No GI, apenas um cao manifestou celulas caliciformes de forma discreta, aos 60 dias do transplante. O transplante autogeno foi eficiente em possibilitar a melhoria da transparencia cornea, sem intercorrencias oculares.

Considerations about electroretinography in dogs

A Eletroretinografia e tecnica que acessa objetivamente a funcao da retina, sendo util como meio diagnostico auxiliar para varias oftalmopatias. Este artigo traz informacoes referentes as indicacoes, aos componentes e medidas do eletroretinograma (ERG) e a tecnica do ERG flash ilustrada pelo protocolo Classico/Standard, utilizada na Unidade de Oftalmologia do Hospital Veterinario “Governador Laudo Natel” da Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias (FCAV) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Campus de Jaboticabal.

Excision of sclerocorneal limbus in dogs and resulting clinical events: study of an experimental model

The consequences of complete removal of the sclerocorneal limbus epithelium were evaluated, as well as the model for such, in which n-heptanol and superficial keratectomy were used. The association of n-heptanol and keratectomy allowed a complete excision of stem cells. Moreover, the destruction of these cells led to significant tectonic alterations that could be employed as a feasible model for clinical experimentation of corneal transplantation.

Use of methyl methacrylate, moulded in its paste phase, to fill the orbital cavity of dogs, after exenteration in cases of ophthalmic neoplasias: a report of three cases

Methyl methacrylate, acrylic resine for odontologic use, was used to fill the orbital cavity of three dogs which presented retrobulbar, eyeball and eyelid neoplasias extended to the orbital space, respectively. The material was moulded in the orbit before polymerization, while still in its paste phase. In each case, follow-up reports were obtained in the 10th and 40th days and in 18 months after surgery. Complications were not observed and improvement of cosmetic appearance was obtained.

The organization of flash electroretinography unit in Veterinary Medicine

Electroretinography is the technique that allows the evaluation of changes in electrical potential that occur when the eye is stimulated by light. Such changes reflect the response of several retinal cells including photoreceptors (cones and rods). Thus it evaluates the retinal functionality and can diagnose abnormalities in retinas seem to be normal by ophthalmoscopy. Due to the constant evolution in veterinary ophthalmology, new centers of retinal electrophysiology have been introduced around the world either for early diagnosis of retinopathies or for preoperative evaluation of animals with cataracts and glaucoma, as well as for continuing research. The Ophthalmology Unit of the “Governador Laudo Natel” Veterinary Teaching Hospital, in the Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV) – Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) – Jaboticabal Campus, Brazil, supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo – FAPESP (Sao Paulo State Foundation for Research), set up the Unit of Ocular Electrophysiology for animals in order to provide conditions for the diagnosis of retinopathies. As a pioneering venture in Brazil, the organization of the services faced many challenges till the moment it was set up: the organization and arrangement of appropriate rooms, independent electrical distribution for the installation of separate pieces of equipment, adaptation of containment tables, training and qualification of the staff, and the elaboration and standardization of anesthetic and stimulation protocols. The wealth of information generated by our experience gave us the inspiration to write this paper, which aims to contribute to the work of researchers and veterinary ophthalmologists in this new and opportune field of specialization.