Arie H. Bartal

Malignant melanoma arising at tattoo sites used for radiotherapy field marking

Various malignant and benign neoplastic lesions have been noted in the past to appear on tattoos (Auger, 1943; Bashir, 1976; McQuarrie, 1966). The development of malignant melanoma in a tattoo has been noted to occur in only a few cases (Kirsch, 1969; Sharlit, 1938; Wolfort et al., 1974). We are reporting hereunder two patients with malignant disease previously treated by surgery and radiotherapy, one developing a primary and the other a metastatic melanoma in tattoo sites used for marking a radiation field. This possible result of radiation and tattooing appears to be, to the best of our knowledge, the first cases in the literature. Case No. 1: A 52-year-old caucasian female with a previous history of tonsillectomy, psoriasis and fibroadenoma of her right breast underwent, in August 1975, left radical mastectomy for intraductal schirrus adenocarcinoma. Three of the eight axillary lymph nodes were invaded by the tumour. Subsequently, the patient received radiotherapy by 60Co γ rays to a total of 3600 cGy ...

Occurrence of Additional Primary Neoplasms in Patients with Laryngeal Carcinoma in Israel (1960–1976)

One thousand-six-hundred and sixty cases of laryngeal cancer were diagnosed in Israel during the years 1960–1976. In 98 of these cases another primary cancer accompanied the laryngeal carcinoma. Patients whose second primary cancer was basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin were not included in this study. Therefore, the results reported here deal with 84 patients. The prevalence of multiple primary cancer in patients with laryngeal carcinoma was found to be 5%. Lung cancer is the other primary tumor accompanying laryngeal carcinoma most frequently (29% of the additional tumors) followed by colorectal and bladder cancers. Most of the additional tumors (83%) appeared in a metachronic form with an average time interval of six years. In most metachronic tumors laryngeal carcinoma appeared as the first tumor (86%). Eighty percent of the patients were dead by August 1978. The majority (74%) succumbed due to the additional tumor and only 4% died of laryngeal carcinoma.

Methods of hybridoma formation

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Clinical and flow cytometry characteristics of malignant pleural effusions in patients after intracavitary administration of methylprednisolone acetate

Ten patients with recurrent pleural effusions due to advanced cancer were treated by intracavitary methylprednisolone acetate (Depo‐Medrol [DM], Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI). They received one to six courses of DM (median, three courses per patient) with doses ranging from 80 to 160 mg per course. Effusion cells were cryopreserved before and during DM installation for subsequent determination of ploidy by flow cytometry. Pleural effusion in all three patients with advanced breast cancer resolved and did not reaccumulate throughout follow‐up for 11+, 10+, and 8+ months. Pleural effusion in a patient with metastatic gastric cancer and in two of four patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown origin partially resolved. Altogether six of ten patients (60%) subjectively and objectively benefited from this therapy. All patients tolerated the treatment well with no local or systemic side effects. Flow cytometry showed a reduction in ploidy of effusion cells in all three patients with breast cancer, from a peak mean channel of 6C to nearly 2C after therapy. Transient reduction of ploidy was seen also in the effusion of a patient with unknown primary tumor associated with clinical improvement. The clinical and laboratory data reported offers initial evidence that DM when instilled into the pleural cavity after incomplete thoracentesis may act as effective palliative therapy either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents.

The Use of Insulin-Enriched Culture Medium and Human-Human Hybridoma Formation: A Preliminary Study

Human lymphoblastoid cell line WI-L2-729-HFZ was fused with human lymph-node lymphocytes in one fusion and with human spleen cells in another fusion to generate human-human hybridomas. In both, increasing doses of insulin were added to the HAT medium immediately after the PEG-mediated cell fusion (10(-1)-10(-5) IU/ml) and the number of clones formed was determined 3 weeks later. 10(-3) IU/ml of insulin resulted in a 2- to 5-fold increase in the number of clones generated compared to the control plates. In view of the known difficulties in generating high-yield human-human hybridoma fusions, it is suggested that the use of insulin-supplemented HAT medium may provide a more efficient way in obtaining such clones.

Cellular immunity in patients with multiple primary tumors

SummaryImmunological studies for evaluation of cellular immunity were carried out on 22 patients who had two primary malignant tumors and who had no evidence of active disease. The tests performed were for skin reactivity to 3 recall antigens, PPD, Candidine, and Streptokinase and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by PHA. Of these, 6 patients were anergic to all three recall antigens and 5 other patients to two out of three antigens. A depression of the in vitro reactivity was encountered in 11 patients. The immune incompetence was more evident in patients with simultaneous tumors than in those with metachroneous tumors. The longer the interval between the appearance of the primary and the secondary tumors, the less immunosuppression was seen.

Current Methodologies in Hybridoma Formation

Hybridoma formation, once considered to involve a complex, difficult-to-master technology (1), has in recent years become an almost commonplace method widely employed to generate reagents for biomedical research. It has been estimated that nearly 10,000 monoclonal antibodies are now being isolated each year (2,3). This is probably a conservative figure. Unfortunately, available methods for the preparation of these antibodies are still cumbersome, so that the cost of production of a single useful reagent exceeds

The interaction of Kaposi's sarcoma with monoclonal antibodies to human sarcoma and connective tissue differentiation antigens

20,000 (3). A central data bank to collect and store information on such antibodies on an international basis has been established by CODATA (Commission of the International Council of Scientific Unions) and IUIS (International Union of Immunological Societies). The central office of this bank is located at the American Type Culture Collection, Bethesda, Maryland.

Cellular Immunity in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer Developing Additional Primary Malignant Tumors

Four monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) previously generated against human soft tissue sarcomas and reacting with connective tissue differentiation antigens were evaluated for their interaction with tissues obtained from patients with classic Kaposis sarcoma. Biopsy was performed on active neoplastic lesions from the skin of 26 patients, frozen sections were prepared, and the binding of the McAbs was tested using the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Clinically uninvolved skin from the same patients as well as skin and muscle from eight non‐cancer patients were treated similarly and served as controls. McAbs IXG11, 23H7, IIIE5, and 15G5 interacted strongly with the Kaposis sarcoma lesions and weakly with the uninvolved skin in 22 of 26 (84%), 23 of 26 (88%), 12 of 14 (85%), and 1 of 6 (16%) of the patients, respectively. IXG11, 23H7, and IIIE5 interacted weakly with the skin of seven of eight non‐cancer patients. McAb 15G5 was found to bind strongly to tumor lesions, to the respective uninvolved skin in four of five Kaposis sarcoma patients, and also to skin and connective tissues of muscle from non‐cancer patients. The mode of interaction was morphologically different for each McAb. It is suggested that McAbs IXG11, 23H7 and IIIE5 identify markers whose expression is markedly increased in Kaposis sarcoma lesions as compared with uninvolved skin of the same patients. These markers may serve as immunologic probes for the investigation of this neoplastic process.

Immune Investigations and Therapy in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer

Eleven patients with laryngeal cancer associated with additional primary tumors underwent cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity tests and lymphocyte stimulation studies with phytohemagglutinin for evaluation of their cellular immunity. Five of the 11 patients were anergic or hypoergic as shown by skin tests to recall antigens and seven of nine patients had impaired lymphocyte transformation. Depressed immunity was more often observed in patients with an active malignancy. The level of serum immunoglobulins was elevated in two of eight studied patients, and in the remaining patients was within the normal range. All patients had a history of excessive smoking. Most frequently, second tumors were found in the lung, urinary tract and skin. The prognosis seemed to be determined by the additional tumor rather than by the laryngeal cancer.