Arif Bramantoro

A Hybrid Integrated Architecture for Language Service Composition

This paper reports on our experiences with combining Heart of Gold and Language Grid technology to provide more language resources available on Web. Heart of Gold is known as middleware architecture for integrating deep and shallow natural language processing components. The language grid is an infrastructure built on top of the Internet to provide distributed language services. Having Heart of Gold available as Web services in the language grid environment would contribute to interoperability among language services.

User-Centered QoS in Combining Web Services for Interactive Domain

The success of the emerging service oriented computing relies fully on the Quality of Service (QoS). However, existing QoS techniques do not accommodate users’ skills and preferences. We propose user-centered QoS, which is a QoS defined by the interaction between skills/preferences of service user(s) and quality of service provider(s). By implementing usercentered QoS approach, the best service is delivered to users based on the calculation not only the quality of the services but also the skill/information of users. We proposed a novel twostage approach for combining services in user-centered QoS, i.e. intra-workflow and inter-workflow service selection. Intraworkflow service selection is used to calculate the most optimal QoS value for each composite service. Inter-workflow service selection is used to search for the most optimal combination of composite services by utilizing the QoS values obtained from intra-workflow service selection. In this paper, we provide a concrete example of user-centered QoS in the language services domain. This problem arises when there are multi users with different quality of English using multilingual chat service.

Data-Centered Service Composition for Information Analysis

In e-Science, many scientific workflow management systems have been developed to integrate distributed computation resources, data sets, and mining algorithms. Users usually modify and rerun a workflow while repeating procedures: preprocess of data, selection of features, modification of data, selection of mining algorithms, generation of models, and evaluation of the models. These procedures are continued until the domain knowledge is acquired. However, as the size of the data increases, the execution time of the workflow becomes longer and longer, which drives up the cost of rerunning the modified workflow. As a result, it becomes hard to quickly obtain the analysis result. In this research, we avoided the rerun of the workflow by storing service invocation results on a platform and realized data-centered service composition by adding and deleting rules to be fired. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed platform, we created two rule-based services to analyze real-time data: stream message data and sensing data.

The Trend of Anti-Software Piracy in Saudi Arabia: An Ethical Point of View

As business world increasingly globalizes, the use of information technology becomes indispensable. Accordingly, the intellectual property right becomes vulnerable to any kinds of violation. This includes software and apps violation. The violation and piracy of intellectual property rights of software and apps influences economical devastation to developing companies and countries. The aim of this study is to present the trend of anti-software piracy in Saudi Arabia. It provides an analyses of software piracy versus anti-software piracy issue based on various ethical theories. Furthermore, we highlight the effects of software piracy and to support our arguments, we used a real case study and analysed it in the ethical theories of Kantianism, Act utilitarianism, Rule utilitarianism and Social contract. To provide a comprehensive study, we also analyze the ethical issues of action on fighting software piracy, as known as anti-software piracy. We analyzed that the arguments for granting anti-software piracy should be improved.

Towards Service Atomization for Analyzing Information

A satisfactory solution for data-intensive web service is required to overcome the problems of web service performance and scalability. We address these problems and propose service atomization, a new approach in atomizing information analysis that tackles large scale information. It uses a measure to ease the creation and collaboration of services. We call this measure service enthalpy, which comprises enthalpy of data intensification, functionality simplification, analysis shall owing and data uniformization.

Cultural Language Service: A Discovery, Composition and Organization

The lack of accuracy is the main issue in language service research. One reason is the negligence of accommodating users and their cultures in discovering, composing, and organizing services. On the other hand, a community behavior is mostly mirrored in jargons, common sentences, mottos and so forth. Moreover, culture is inseparable to its contents. Most culture disputes are due to cultural contents that can be represented in images, audio and videos. These two features of culture analysis and contents are currently not available in language services. Our main contribution is that we provided a necessary framework of service discovery, composition and organization for cultural language service to solve this problem. In service discovery, we implemented semantic similarity in cultural language services by utilizing language service ontology. In service composition, we presented hybrid language service architecture to provide multi level analysis in cultural text and culture contents in multimedia. In service organization, we provided multi-objective constraint optimization that is able to accommodate the characteristic of language services organized in multi culture environment.

Pipelining Software and Services for Language Processing

This chapter reports on our experiences with combining two different platforms in natural language processing research, i.e. Heart of Gold and the Language Grid, to provide more language resources available on the Web. Heart of Gold is known as middleware architecture for pipelining deep and shallow natural language processing components. The Language Grid is one of the service grid infrastructures built on top of the Internet to provide pipelined language services. Both of these frameworks provide composite language services and components. Having Heart of Gold integrated in the Language Grid environment contributes to increased interoperability among various language services. The integrated architecture also supports the combination of pipelined language services in the Language Grid and the pipelined natural language processing components in Heart of Gold to provide a better quality of language services available on the Web. Thus, language services with different characteristics can be combined based on the concept of Web service with different treatment of each combination. An evaluation is presented to show that the overhead of the integration is not significant.