Arif Jumari

Preparation and characterization of nanocomposite polymer electrolytes poly(vinylidone fluoride)/nanoclay

Polymer electrolytes are defined as semi solid electrolytes used as separator in lithium ion battery. Separator used as medium for transfer ions and to prevent electrical short circuits in battery cells. To obtain the optimal battery performance, separator with high porosity and electrolyte uptake is required. This can reduce the resistance in the transfer of ions between cathode and anode. The main objective of this work is to investigate the impact of different solvent (Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl formamide (DMF)), pore forming agent poly(vinylpyrolidone) (PVP) and nanoclay as filler in addition of membrane using phase inversion method on the morphology, porosity, electrolyte uptake and degree of crystallinity. The membrane was prepared by the phase inversion method by adding PVP and Nanoclay using different solvents. The phase inversion method was prepared by dissolving Nanoclay and PVP in solvent for 1-2 hours, and then add the PVDF with stirring for 4 hours at...

Synthesis of TiO2 by electrochemical method from TiCl4 solution as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Metal oxide combined with graphite becomes interesting composition. TiO2 is a good candidate for Li ion battery anode because of cost, availability of sufficient materials, and environmentally friendly. TiO2 gravimetric capacity varied within a fairly wide range. TiO2 crystals form highly depends on the synthesis method used. The electrochemical method is beginning to emerge as a valuable option for preparing TiO2 powders. Using the electrochemical method, the particle can easily be controlled by simply adjusting the imposed current or potential to the system. In this work, the effects of some key parameters of the electrosynthesis on the formation of TiO2 have been investigated. The combination of graphite and TiO2 particle has also been studied for lithium-ion batteries. The homogeneous solution for the electrosynthesis of TiO2 powders was TiCl4 in ethanol solution. The electrolysis was carried out in an electrochemical cell consisting of two carbon electrodes with dimensions of (5 × 2) cm. The electrod...

Tin recovery from tin slag using electrolysis method

The process in industry, including in mining industry, would surely give negative effect such as waste polluting to the environment. Some of waste could be potentially reutilized to be a commodity with the higher economic value. Tin slag is one of them. The aim of this research was to recover the tin contained in tin slag. Before coming to the electrolysis, tin slag must be treated by dissolution. The grinded tin slag was dissolved into HCl solution to form a slurry. During dissolution, the slurry was agitated and heated, and finally filtered. The filtrate obtained was then electrolyzed. During the process of electrolysis, solid material precipitated on the used cathode. The precipitated solid was then separated and dried. The solid was then analyzed using XRD, XRF and SEM. The XRD analysis showed that the longest time of dissolution and electrolysis the highest the purity obtained in the product. The SEM analysis showed that the longest time of electrolysis the smallest tin particle obtained. Optimum time achieved in this research was 2 hours for the recovering time and 3 hours for the electrolysis time, with 9% tin recovered.The process in industry, including in mining industry, would surely give negative effect such as waste polluting to the environment. Some of waste could be potentially reutilized to be a commodity with the higher economic value. Tin slag is one of them. The aim of this research was to recover the tin contained in tin slag. Before coming to the electrolysis, tin slag must be treated by dissolution. The grinded tin slag was dissolved into HCl solution to form a slurry. During dissolution, the slurry was agitated and heated, and finally filtered. The filtrate obtained was then electrolyzed. During the process of electrolysis, solid material precipitated on the used cathode. The precipitated solid was then separated and dried. The solid was then analyzed using XRD, XRF and SEM. The XRD analysis showed that the longest time of dissolution and electrolysis the highest the purity obtained in the product. The SEM analysis showed that the longest time of electrolysis the smallest tin particle obtained. Optimum tim...

The electrolysis time on electrosynthesis of hydroxyapatite with bipolar membrane

The electrochemical method with bipolar membrane has been successfully used for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite. In this work, we have developed 2 chambers electrolysis system separated by a bipolar membrane. The membrane was used to separate cations (H+ ions produced by the oxidation of water at the anode) and anions (OH− ions produced by the reduction of water at the cathode). With this system, we have designed that OH− ions still stay in the anions chamber because OH− ions was very substantial in the hydroxyapatite particles formation. The aim of this paper was to compare the electrolysis time on electrosynthesis of hydroxyapatite with and without the bipolar membrane. The electrosynthesis was performed at 500 mA/cm2 for 0.5 to 2 hours at room temperature and under ultrasonic cleaner to void agglomeration with and without the bipolar membrane. The electrosynthesis of hydroxyapatite with the bipolar membrane more effective than without the bipolar membrane. The hydroxyapatite has been appeared at 0.5 h ...

Phase transformation of TiO2 powder prepared by TiCl4 hydrolysis-electrolysis

Metal oxide combined with graphite becomes an interesting composition. TiO2 is a good candidate for Li ion battery anode because of low cost, availability sufficient, and environmentally friendly. The form of TiO2 crystals is highly depended on the synthesis method used. The electrochemical method is beginning to emerge as a valuable option for preparing TiO2 powders. Using the electrochemical method, the particle phase can easily be controlled by simply adjusting the imposed current or potential to the system. The present work aims to investigate the effects of electrode distance in the electrolysis of TiCl4 solution to the phase transformation of anatase to rutile. The homogeneous solution for the electro-synthesis of TiO2 powders was TiCl4 in ethanol solution. The electrolysis was carried out in an electrochemical cell consisting of two carbon electrodes with dimensions of (5×2) cm. The electrodes were set parallel with various distances of 2.6 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm between the electrodes and were immerse...

Phase Control of TiO2 Prepared by TiCl4 Hydrolysis and Electrochemical Method

The phase structure of TiO 2 dependent on applications. It is importat to develop an effective method to control the phase structure of TiO 2 . In this study, the TiO2 was synthesized by TiCl 4 hydrolysis method. The control of hydrolysis was done by electrochemical method in a cell consisting of two plate carbon as electrodes. The electrodes distance was set to 2.6 to 4 cm and immersed in solution at dimensions of (5 × 2) cm. The electrodes were connected to the positive and negative terminals of a DC power supply for 1 to 2.5 hours. The voltage was varied from 5 to 15 V at constant stirring and room temperature. The resulted suspension was aged for 48 hours. The solution was filtered. The powder dried directly in an oven at 150°C for 2 hours, washed 2 times, and dried again 60 °C for 6 hours. In this work, the voltage, electrode distance, and TiCl 4 initial concentration can control the phase structure of TiO 2 .

Improving lithium-ion battery performances by adding fly ash from coal combustion on cathode film

A lithium battery is composed of anode, cathode and a separator. The performance of lithium battery is also influenced by the conductive material of cathode film. In this research, the use of fly ash from coal combustion as conductive enhancer for increasing the performances of lithium battery was investigated. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) was used as the active material of cathode. The dry fly ash passed through 200 mesh screen, LiFePO4 and acethylene black (AB), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent were mixed to form slurry. The slurry was then coated, dried and hot pressed to obtain the cathode film. The ratio of fly ash and AB were varied at the values of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% while the other components were at constant. The anode film was casted with certain thickness and composition. The performance of battery lithium was examined by Eight Channel Battery Analyzer, the composition of the cathode film was examined by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and...

Enhancement of Lithium Battery Performance by Thickness Anode Film Modification

A lithium battery was composed of anode, cathode, and separator. The performance of lithium battery was influenced by the thickness of film, the composition of material, and the effect of surfactant and binder. This research investigated the effect of the anode film thickness to the electrochemical performances of lithium battery. Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) were used respectively as anode and cathode. Mesocarbon microbeads, carbon black (conductive agent), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent were mixed well to produce slurry. The slurry were then coated, dried and pressed. The anode had various thickness of 50 μm, 70 μm, 100 μm, and 150 μm. The cathode film was made with certain thickness. The performance of lithium battery was examined by Eight Channel Battery Analyzer, the composition of the anode sample was examined by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and the crystal structure of the anode sample was analyzed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The research showed that the thickness of anode film of 100 μm gave the best performance. The battery performance decreased if the thickness was more than 100 μm. The best performance of battery voltage were between 3649 mV and 3650 mV.