Arif Wibowo

The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Pectenocypris sp. (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Serkap River, Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract The whole mitochondrial genome of a small cyprinid freshwater fish Pectenocypris sp. collected from Serkap River, Central Sumatra, Indonesia was sequenced. This mitochondrial genome consisted of 16,589 bp and included 37 genes in the same order as in many other vertebrates including the human. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this taxon clusters with Boraras maculatus among several Rasbora species.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF FISH IN THE FLOODPLAIN OF KUMBE RIVER. PAPUA

Expansion of land clearance mostly for plantation is the big issue in Indonesia including in Papua. Its effect is not only to the catchment area but it also affects fisheries resources. The stress effect occurs worsen in Kumbe River and its floodplain area by the present of introduced fish species such as snakehead (Channa striata) and nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Spatial and temporal fish distributions are important information for the sustainable fisheries resource and theirs utilization. Study on spatial and temporal fish distribution covering four types of swamp ecosystem of Kumbe River was conducted during April-September 2014 and Mei-November 2015. Explorative field survey was conducted in four different ecosystem types in Kumbe River floodplain areas. Ecological data was collected from four sampling sites in each ecosystem type during high water precipitation (April and May) and low water precipitation (August. September and November). and fish samples were collected with different mesh sizes of gillnet fishing experiment conducted in four sampling sites. Parameters measured were fish important relative index and physical and chemical water quality parameters. The results noted 18 fish species deriving from 13 families. The Arridae with its blue catfish (Neoarius graeffei) dominated almost 90% of fish catch both spatial and temporal. Hydrological dynamic seems the key of trigger factor for the spatial and temporal distribution of fish and dynamic of habitat and water quality characteristic in the floodplain of Kumbe River.

ANALYSIS 16S RDNA OF THE TURTLES IN FORECLOSURE CAGES AT PADEI LAUT, CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Marine turtle is one of the protected aquatic animals as listed in CITES Appendix and IUCN red list. However, illegal fishing of marine turtle is still occurred Padei Laut Village, in Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research aims to study the population of marine turtle based on the carapace length and the genetic relationships. Data of carapace length was measured in-situ and genetic analysis was used mitochondrial DNA. The results showed that the carapace (ten samples which was green turtles/Chelonia mydas) was ranges between 42-102 cm; 91% of samples was immature and 9% was mature. Moreover, it also revealed that those turtles resembled by 99.98% of genetic similarity.

KARAKTERISTIK SUMBERDAYA IKAN DAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN PERAIRAN SUNGAI YANG BERMUARA KE PANTAI BARAT SUMATERA

Karakteristik sumberdaya ikan merupakan komponen yang diperlukan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan karena komponen tersebut akan menentukan alokasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan dan jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan di laut maupun perairan umum. Informasi karakteristik sumberdaya ikan dan pengelolaan sungai yang bermuara ke pantai barat sumatera seperti Sungai Manna dan Semangka sangat terbatas. Informasi masyarakat mengindikasikan telah terjadi penurunan hasil tangkapan ikan. Tulisan ini memaparkan karakteristik dan pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan di Sungai Mana dan Semangka yang merupakan hasil kegiatan penelitian pada tahun 2011. Sungai Manna dan Semangka dicirikan dengan keragaman jenis habitat, jenis ikan yang relatif rendah dan sifat kegiatan perikanan yang sambilan, namun pada umumnya memiliki ikan ekonomis penting seperti ikan Semah ( Tor sp) dan Sidat ( Anguilla sp). Selain pembukaan lahan di bagian hulu, tekanan terhadap kedua populasi ikan tersebut lebih banyak disebabkan oleh kegiatan perikanan yang tidak ramah lingkungan seperti strum dan racum yang diaplikasikan pada lubuk sungai yang merupakan habit induk ikan semah dan sidat. Upaya pengelolaan terhadap sumberdaya ikan di kedua sungai tersebut telah ada berupa sosialisasi tentang larangan penangkapan ikan dengan alat kurang ramah lingkungan. Namun upaya pengawasan dan implementasi sanksi hukuman terhadap pelangggaran peraturan tersebut belum dilaksanakan. Pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan dan perikanan di kedua sungai tersebut didasarkan pada prinsip keterpaduan dan tanggung jawab yang lebih difokuskan pada pengelolaan habitat dan populasi jenis ikan ekonomis tertentu seperti Ikan Semah dan Ikan Sidat. Beberapa alternatif strategi pengelolaan yang diperlukan diantaranya adalah pembentukan konservasi in situ berupa suaka perikanan pada beberapa lubuk (lubuk larangan) khususnya pada lokasi banyak ditemukannya benih dan induk ikan seperti di Air Tenam di hulu Sungai Manna dan Suoh di Sungai Semangka. Alternatif pengelolaan lainnya adalah peningkatan produksi ikan Semah melalui restocking induk ataupun benih. Fisheries management practices such as allocation of fish resources utilization and permitted total fish catch in marine and inland waters relate to the characteristic of fish resources. Geomorphplogical condition as well as fish resources and fisheries of rivers flow through to the western Sumatra estuary such as Manna River and Semangka River are different from the rivers flow through to eastern Sumatra estuary. Information on characteristic and management of fish resources in these rivers is limited while there is indication declining fish catch in these rivers. This paper discribed characteristic and management of Manna and Semangka rivers based on a study conducted in 2011. Rivers flow through to the western part of Sumatra estuary are characterized by constrained shape rivers, low habitat and fish diversity, low fish yield, subsistence fisheries and with two important economical fish such as carps (Tor sp) and eels (Anguilla sp). In addition to forest clearance at the upper stream, population of these fish were mostly threaten by illegal fishing such us application of electro fishing and poison. Desimination of about prohibition operation of unfriendly fishing gears has been conducted by the local government, however it does not followed by implementing the law enforcement. The fisheries management of Manna and Semangka rivers should be based on the integration and responsible principle and should be focused on the habitat and population of the two economical fish. The alternative fisheries management strategies are in situ conservation such as establishment of fisheries reserves situated at the river pools specially the site area with abundant fish fries and fish brooders such as in Air Tenam Manna River and Suoh in Semangka River. Enhancing of fish stock through restocking fish at fry and brooder size is other management strategy which could be applied in such rivers.