Armand W. Loranger

DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

BACKGROUND The population prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs) remains largely unknown. Data are reported here on the prevalence and correlates of clinician-diagnosed Clusters A, B, and C DSM-IV PDs in the general population of the United States. METHODS Personality disorder screening questions from the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) were administered in Part II (n = 5692) of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). A probability sub-sample was then interviewed with the IPDE and used to link screening question responses with IPDE clinical diagnoses. The method of Multiple Imputation (MI) was then implemented to estimate prevalence and correlates of PDs in the full sample. RESULTS The MI prevalence estimates were 5.7% Cluster A, 1.5% Cluster B, 6.0% Cluster C, and 9.1% any PD. All three PD clusters were significantly comorbid with a wide range of DSM-IV Axis I disorders. Significant associations of PDs with functional impairment were largely accounted for by Axis I comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS Strong Axis I comorbidity raises questions about the somewhat arbitrary separation of PDs from Axis I disorders in the DSM nomenclature. The impairment findings suggest that the main public health significance of PDs lies in their effects on Axis I disorders rather than in their effects on functioning.

Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders : the ICD-10 international personality disorder examination (IPDE)

Contributors Preface Armand W. Loranger, Aleksandar Janca and Norman Sartorius Acknowledgements Part I. Background and Field Trial Section 1. Background: 1. Problems in the field of personality disorder Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli 2. Review of diagnostic instruments for the assessment of personality disorders Armand W. Loranger 3. Epidemiology of DSM-III personality disorders in the community and in clinical populations James H. Reich and Giovanni de Girolamo 4. International personality disorder examination (IPDE) Armand W. Loranger 5. Experiences with the IPDE Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli Section 2. Field Trial: 6. Sampling, interviewers, interview procedures Werner Mombour 7. Description of centres participating in the IPDE field trial Aleksandar Janca and Charles Pull 8. Results Armand W. Loranger 9. Discussion and conclusions Armand W. Loranger Appendix Part II. International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) ICD-10 module Index.

Mental symptoms in Parkinson's disease during chronic treatment with levodopa.

Mental symptoms increased in frequency among 100 patients with parkinsonism treated with levodopa. Dementia was found in about one-third of patients throughout the 6-year treatment period. Thirteen patients became demented during the study, and dementia worsened severely in seven others. Agitated confusion became increasingly frequent and was observed in 60 percent of patients taking levodopa for 6 years. Withdrawal from levodopa decreased agitation, but not dementia. Ten patients received L-tryptophan along with levodopa, but no change in mentation was observed. In view of previous studies of mentation in Parkinsons disease and reports of widespread neuronal changes in the brain of autopsied patients with parkinsonism, our results suggest that the high incidence of dementia in patients with Parkinsons disease who take levodopa reflects prolongation of the course of the illness rather than a direct effect of the medication.

Psychosis proneness and clinical psychopathology: examination of the correlates of schizotypy.

The present report examined the associations between the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS), a prominent psychometric index of hypothetical psychosis proneness, and several measures of clinical psychopathology in a nonpsychotic psychiatric sample (N = 101). Patients were examined by experienced clinicians using structured psychiatric interviews to assess DSM-III-R Axis I and II conditions and rated for anxiety, depression, severity of illness, and current adult social competence. Elevated scores on the PAS were most closely associated with anxiety and depression as well as schizotypal, schizoid, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder symptomatology. Hierarchical regression analysis identified schizotypal symptoms and anxiety as the two underlying psychopathological processes most useful in explaining variance in PAS scores. Results are interpreted as supporting both the clinical relevance and research utility of the PAS and enhancing the construct validity of Meehls model of schizotypy.

Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders: International personality disorder examination (IPDE) ICD-10 module

Contributors Preface Armand W. Loranger, Aleksandar Janca and Norman Sartorius Acknowledgements Part I. Background and Field Trial Section 1. Background: 1. Problems in the field of personality disorder Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli 2. Review of diagnostic instruments for the assessment of personality disorders Armand W. Loranger 3. Epidemiology of DSM-III personality disorders in the community and in clinical populations James H. Reich and Giovanni de Girolamo 4. International personality disorder examination (IPDE) Armand W. Loranger 5. Experiences with the IPDE Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli Section 2. Field Trial: 6. Sampling, interviewers, interview procedures Werner Mombour 7. Description of centres participating in the IPDE field trial Aleksandar Janca and Charles Pull 8. Results Armand W. Loranger 9. Discussion and conclusions Armand W. Loranger Appendix Part II. International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) ICD-10 module Index.

Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders: Background and Field Trial

Contributors Preface Armand W. Loranger, Aleksandar Janca and Norman Sartorius Acknowledgements Part I. Background and Field Trial Section 1. Background: 1. Problems in the field of personality disorder Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli 2. Review of diagnostic instruments for the assessment of personality disorders Armand W. Loranger 3. Epidemiology of DSM-III personality disorders in the community and in clinical populations James H. Reich and Giovanni de Girolamo 4. International personality disorder examination (IPDE) Armand W. Loranger 5. Experiences with the IPDE Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli Section 2. Field Trial: 6. Sampling, interviewers, interview procedures Werner Mombour 7. Description of centres participating in the IPDE field trial Aleksandar Janca and Charles Pull 8. Results Armand W. Loranger 9. Discussion and conclusions Armand W. Loranger Appendix Part II. International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) ICD-10 module Index.

Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders: Field Trial

Contributors Preface Armand W. Loranger, Aleksandar Janca and Norman Sartorius Acknowledgements Part I. Background and Field Trial Section 1. Background: 1. Problems in the field of personality disorder Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli 2. Review of diagnostic instruments for the assessment of personality disorders Armand W. Loranger 3. Epidemiology of DSM-III personality disorders in the community and in clinical populations James H. Reich and Giovanni de Girolamo 4. International personality disorder examination (IPDE) Armand W. Loranger 5. Experiences with the IPDE Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli Section 2. Field Trial: 6. Sampling, interviewers, interview procedures Werner Mombour 7. Description of centres participating in the IPDE field trial Aleksandar Janca and Charles Pull 8. Results Armand W. Loranger 9. Discussion and conclusions Armand W. Loranger Appendix Part II. International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) ICD-10 module Index.