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Dive into the research topics where Arne Astrup is active.

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Featured researches published by Arne Astrup.


Proceedings of the Nutrition Society | 2002

Low-fat diets and energy balance: how does the evidence stand in 2002?

Arne Astrup; Benjamin Buemann; Anne Flint; Anne Raben

The role of high-fat diets in weight gain and obesity is assessed by evidence-based principles. Four meta-analyses of weight change occurring on ad libitum low-fat diets in intervention trials consistently demonstrate a highly significant weight loss of 3-4 kg in normal-weight and overweight subjects (P < 0.001). The analyses also find a dose-response relationship, i.e. the reduction in percentage energy as fat is positively associated with weight loss. Weight loss is also positively related to initial weight; a 10 % reduction in dietary fat is predicted to produce a 4-5 kg weight loss in an individual with a BMI of 30 kg/m2. The non-fat macronutrient composition of the diet is also important. Whereas the glycaemic index of the carbohydrate may play a role for cardiovascular risk factors, there is so far no evidence that low-glycaemic index foods facilitate weight control. In contrast, intervention studies show that sugar in drinks is more likely to produce weight gain than solid sugar in foods. Although the evidence is weak, alcoholic beverages promote a positive energy balance, and wine may be more obesity-promoting than beer. Protein is more satiating and thermogenic than carbohydrates, and one intervention study has shown that an ad libitum low-fat diet where carbohydrate was replaced by protein produced more weight loss after 6 months (8.1 v. 5.9 kg). The evidence linking particular fatty acids to body fatness is weak. If anything, monounsaturated fat may be more fattening than polyunsaturated and saturated fats, and no ad libitum dietary intervention study has shown that a normal-fat high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet is equivalent or superior to a low-fat diet in the prevention of weight gain and obesity. The evidence strongly supports the low-fat diet as the optimal choice for the prevention of weight gain and obesity, while the use of a normal-fat high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet is unsubstantiated.


Proceedings of the Nutrition Society | 1996

Glucostatic control of intake and obesity.

Arne Astrup; Anne Raben

L‘effet des trois macronutriments (glucides, lipides et protides) sur la regulation de 1’appCtit est complexe et implique plusieurs mkcanismes diffkrents dont certains sont non-specifiques (la densitt CnergCtique par exemple), alors que d’autres mkcanismes sont rCservCs B des macronutriments spCcifiques (glucostatique et lipostatique par exemple). Le pouvoir de satiCtk de chaque nutriment, en les comparant joule pour joule, est inversement proportionnel h sa capacitt de stockage, les protCines Ctant ceux qui ont les plus grand effet de satiCtC, suivis par les glucides et les graisses. Un effet prC-absorptif de la densit6 Cnergktique semble Ctre un determinant puissant de la prise d’aliment, en particulier dans la mCdiation d’hyperphagie causCe par des rCgimes ClevCs en graisses, et faibles en glucides chez des sujets normaux. De nombreuses preuves montrent qu’il existe un effet mktabolique post-absorptif specifique du glucose sur la rCgulation de 1’appCtit; pourtant, la nature de ce phknomitne s’explique ma1 et pourrait impliquer des mkcanismes glucostatiques, glycogknostatiques et mktaboliques. Des ajustements de la prise d’Cnergie peuvent se produire en rCponse a des modifications induites mCtaboliquement dans l’utilisation du glucose, par exemple au cours de l’exercice physique intense, mais on ne sait pas bien dans quelle mesure les mCcanismes glucostatiques interviennent dans les modifications dans la prise d’knergie qui se produisent quand le rapport graisses:glucides est modifiC. I1 est possible que la densitt Cnergktique soit d’une importance promordiale dans la rCgulation a court terme du poids du corps chez les mangeurs non restreints qui n’ont pas de prkdisposition gCnCtique a I’obCsitC, mais ? I long terme il semble que leur poids corporel soit assez resistant aux modifications dans le rapport graisses:glucides de leur alimentation. Au contraire, les mangeurs restreints et les individus qui ont une prCdisposition gCnktique 2i l’obCsitC sont extrCmement sensibles B une composition ClevCe en graisses et faible en glucides dans leur alimentation, qui favorise un Cquilibre positif des graisses, essentiellement en augmentant l’apport d’knergie. Dans ce groupe vulnkrable d’individus, l’augmentation des graisses dans l’alimentation peut dtpasser leur capacitk d’autorCgulation B Clever l’oxydation des graisses immCdiatement, c’est-&dire causer la separation des nutriments des graisses pour favoriser le stockage par rapport B I’oxydation. I1 se peut que le bilan negatif des glucides qui accompagne ce phCnom2ne soit responsable de l’augmentation de la prise d’knergie, agissant par des mCcanismes glucostatiques. L’augmentation des dkp6ts de graisses peut, ii son tour, &re responsable des mdcanismes d’adaptation tels que l’augmentation des niveaux de substrats lipidiques et la rksistance B l’insuline, qui augmente en mCme temps l’oxydation des graisses jusqu’au niveau du contenu en graisses de l’alimentation. I1 est possible que la premiere &ape de ce


Archive | 1995

Metabolic risk factors for the development of obesity

Arne Astrup; Anne Raben; Annebeth R. Skov; Claudia Sørensen; Søren Toubro

The high, and increasing, prevalence of obesity in affluent societies has become a major health problem. Obesity commonly occurs as part of a metabolic syndrome that may show one or more manifestations, such as hyperlipidaemia, non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and atherosclerosis, either alone or in concert, causing ischaemic heart disease, stroke and premature mortality. Despite a wide range of efforts to prevent obesity, the prevalence of both moderate overweight and obesity is still increasing. An improved understanding of the mechanisms causing obesity seems necessary if efforts to prevent and treat overweight and obesity are to be successful. This review will deal with three genetically determined traits predisposing to weight gain: low relative resting energy expenditure expressed when sympathetic activity is suppressed by a low dietary carbohydrate content; low fat oxidation, which becomes significant when the fat content of the diet is high; and a taste preference for high-fat food items. In concert, these risk factors favour a positive fat balance and, over time, lead to obesity.


The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | 1994

Obesity as an adaptation to a high-fat diet: evidence from a cross-sectional study

Arne Astrup; Benjamin Buemann; P Western; Søren Toubro; Anne Raben; N. J. Christensen


American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism | 1994

Failure to increase lipid oxidation in response to increasing dietary fat content in formerly obese women

Arne Astrup; Benjamin Buemann; N. J. Christensen; Søren Toubro


The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | 1996

Low resting metabolic rate in subjects predisposed to obesity: a role for thyroid status.

Arne Astrup; Benjamin Buemann; Søren Toubro; Claudia Ranneries; Anne Raben


American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism | 1992

24-hour energy expenditure and sympathetic activity in postobese women consuming a high-carbohydrate diet

Arne Astrup; Benjamin Buemann; N. J. Christensen; J. Madsen


Proceedings of the Nutrition Society | 1996

Defects in substrate oxidation involved in the predisposition to obesity

Arne Astrup; Benjamin Buemann; Søren Toubro; Anne Raben


American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism | 1992

Effect of moderate cold exposure on 24-h energy expenditure: similar response in postobese and nonobese women

Benjamin Buemann; Arne Astrup; N. J. Christensen; J. Madsen


British Journal of Nutrition | 2000

Sugar as a slimming agent

Arne Astrup; Anne Raben

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Søren Toubro

University of Copenhagen

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J. Madsen

University of Copenhagen

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Anders Sjödin

University of Copenhagen

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Birgit M. Nielsen

Copenhagen University Hospital

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