Arshad Abd Samad

How to Teach Expository Text Structure to Facilitate Reading Comprehension.

Expository text offers particular challenges to the reader because of the abstract and unfamiliar concepts that it presents. In order to solve these problems in reading classes, students should be taught the hierarchical structure of the expository text and the interrelationships among ideas. This is what experts in this field refer to as text structure. Reading researchers have argued that knowledge of text organization, or structure, is an important factor for text comprehension. In this article, we review techniques and procedures in how to teach text structure in reading classes in order to facilitate comprehension of the expository texts.

Effects of Task Complexity Variables on Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency of Second Language Production: A Critical Review

This paper reviews recent research that has manipulated task complexity variables to gauge their effects on L2 learning. This review draws upon Robinson’s Triadic Componential Framework for task design (2001a) which suggests that increases in task complexity levels should be an important consideration when designing and sequencing a task-based language syllabus. Most of the studies discussed support Robinson’s contention that more complex tasks result in greater accuracy and complexity in L2 learners’ language production. This would imply the need to consider task complexity variables in selecting, designing and administering tasks in the second language classroom to achieve optimum effects on the learning process. Teachers would also have to be conscientious in evaluating cognitive loads of tasks to ensure heightened attention to meaning and forms. Also, the potential of using task complexity level as an organising principle for a second-language syllabus needs to be further explored and investigated.