Arthur F. Wright

Chinese civilization and bureaucracy : variations on a theme

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Symbolism and Function: Reflections on Changan and Other Great Cities

When people build cities—and particularly planned cities—they intend more and do more than simply meet their practical needs. The cities they build and the cities they leave behind in archeological remains and in the pages of history dramatize for us their social order—both actual and ideal—their view of the cosmos and their place in it, their hierarchy of values. Thus, for example, Akbars palace city of Fatehpur Sikri is more than a vainglorious display of newly-won power; its subtle blending of Hindu and Islamic elements symbolizes Akbars dream of an ecumenical Indian order informed with tolerance and mutual respect.

Struggle vs. Harmony: Symbols of Competing Values in Modern China *

T Raditional China was characterized by a remarkable homogeneity of mores, institutions, and values. In this it resembled the simpler societies in which, as Maclver has pointed out, the institutions are in broad accord with the mores, and one system of values prevails, being reaffirmed in every aspect of life. During the past hundred years, Chinas perdurable synthesis of doctrines and institutions has been slowly but certainly undermined. While the impact of the Western powers and Western technology forced the modification of Chinese institutions, the subtle penetration of Western ideas altered or destroyed every long-accepted value. The past century of Chinas history can be seen as a continuous struggle to regain its ancient homogeneity. That century is marked by repeated attempts to create groups of modified institutions to meet the challenge of Western power, together with groups of modified values which, it was hoped, would support the new institutions and check the spread of divisive Western ideas. These efforts failed, and with each failure more and more traditional institutions and values were abandoned as incapable of existing in amalgam with Western elements. In this process, different social groups reacted differently to the persisting appeal of the old and the attraction of the new and, in so reacting, further undermined the old synthesis of values and institutions.

Ou-Yang Hsiu: An Eleventh-Century Neo-Confucianist

tion, and within secularization fall such movements as nationalism, communism, fascism, democracy, etc., to the extent that they have asserted themselves as quasireligions. This point involves, no doubt, not only the religions of Japan but, more broadly, the problem of religion in numerous civilized and secularized societies. Finally, the fact that the author makes wide-ranging and yet cautious use of the research results of Japans leading scholars, especially those of recent times, and strives to introduce them to Western academic circles ought also to be mentioned as a distinctive feature of this book. In one sense this book can be thought of as playing the important role of presenting an excellent bibliography for the cultural history of Japan. ICHIRO HORI

Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey

CONTENTS: Preface. Table of Chinese Dynasties. Maps of Dynasties. Introduction, Growth and Domestication. Maturity and Acceptance. Decline. Conclusion. Glossary. Chinese Names and Titles. Bibliography. Index.

Sir George Sansom—An Appreciation

Sir George Bailey Sansom, who died on March 8 in Tucson, Arizona, at the age of 82, was the last of the great amateurs and first among professional students of Japan in the Western world. Like Aston, Satow and Eliot, earlier pioneers of Japanese studies, he began his studies of Japan during his tenure in diplomatic posts. The long exposure and intimate knowledge of Japanese life that he received in the British Embassy in Tokyo between 1905 and 1940 provided a setting very different from contemporary academic arrangements whereby stays in Japan are reliefs from, and not the center of, professional life and activities.

Chinese Civilization and Bureacracy; Variations on a Theme

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Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth.@@@Heavenly Clockwork: The Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China.

List of illustrations List of tables List of abbreviations Acknowledgements Authors note 19. Mathematics 20. Astronomy 21. Meteorology 22. The Sciences of the Earth 23. Geography and cartography 24. Geology (and related sciences) 25. Seismology 26. Mineralogy Addenda Bibliographies General index.